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Terms starting with G

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Electrochemistry & Redox

Galvanic Cell

An electrochemical cell in which a spontaneous redox reaction generates electrical energy.

E°cell > 0 V
Electrochemistry & Redox

Galvanic Corrosion

Accelerated corrosion of the more reactive of two different metals in electrical contact within an electrolyte.

mm/year
Electrochemistry & Redox

Galvanisation

The coating of iron or steel with a layer of zinc to protect it from corrosion.

μm
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Gamma Emission

The release of high-energy electromagnetic radiation from a nucleus dropping to a lower energy state.

ᴬ_Z X* → ᴬ_Z X + γ MeV
Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry

Gangue

The commercially worthless rock and mineral matter surrounding a valuable ore mineral.

Dimensionless
Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy

Gas Chromatography

A technique for separating volatile compounds carried by an inert gas through a heated column.

min
Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

A hybrid technique in which compounds separated by gas chromatography are identified by a mass spectrometer.

Dimensionless
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Gas Density

The mass of a gas per unit volume, which for a gas depends strongly on temperature, pressure and molar mass.

ρ = pM / RT g/L
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Gaseous State

The state of matter in which particles are widely separated and move randomly at high speed, filling any container completely.

pV = nRT Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes

The principle that gases react in volume ratios that are simple whole numbers, when measured at the same temperature and pressure.

V_A : V_B = a : b L
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Gay-Lussac's Pressure Law

At constant volume, the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

p₁ / T₁ = p₂ / T₂ Pa/K
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Geiger–Müller Counter

An instrument that detects ionising radiation through the avalanche of ionisation it triggers in a low-pressure gas.

counts/s
Solutions & Colligative Properties

Gel

A colloidal system in which a liquid is trapped within a continuous three-dimensional solid network.

Dimensionless
Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Genetic Code

The set of rules by which sequences of three bases in nucleic acid specify particular amino acids.

64 codons → 20 amino acids Dimensionless
Organic Chemistry

Geometric Isomerism

Stereoisomerism arising from restricted rotation about a double bond or within a ring.

cis / trans or E / Z Dimensionless
Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry

Geometrical Isomerism in Complexes

Stereoisomerism arising from different spatial arrangements of ligands around the metal centre.

cis / trans, fac / mer Dimensionless
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

Gibbs Free Energy

The thermodynamic potential whose change determines whether a process is spontaneous at constant temperature and pressure.

ΔG = ΔH − TΔS kJ/mol
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

Gibbs–Helmholtz Equation

The relation showing how the Gibbs free energy of a system varies with temperature.

(∂(ΔG/T)/∂T)_p = −ΔH/T² kJ/mol
Electrochemistry & Redox

Glass Electrode

An ion-selective electrode whose thin glass membrane develops a potential proportional to the pH of the solution.

E = constant − 0.0592 pH V
Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Glucose

The most abundant monosaccharide and the primary energy source for most living cells.

C₆H₁₂O₆ g/mol
Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Glycogen

The storage polysaccharide of animals, a highly branched polymer of glucose.

(C₆H₁₀O₅)ₙ Dimensionless
Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Glycolysis

The ten-step metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose into two of pyruvate.

C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₃H₄O₃ + 2ATP + 2NADH kJ/mol
Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Glycosidic Bond

The covalent linkage joining a sugar unit to another molecule through an oxygen bridge.

C–O–C Dimensionless
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Graham's Law of Diffusion

The rate at which a gas diffuses or effuses is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

r₁ / r₂ = √(M₂ / M₁) Dimensionless