Home Wikituition Browse all terms Categories
Random term

Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

60 terms · page 2 of 3


A–Z
All A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0–9
Filtering by: Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes Clear all
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

E-6 Process

The standardised chemical process for developing colour reversal film into positive transparencies.

minutes at °C
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Emulsion

The light-sensitive coating on film or paper, consisting of silver halide crystals suspended in gelatin.

µm
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Enlarger

A darkroom device that projects a negative onto photographic paper to produce a print larger than the original.

Magnification = image size / negative size × magnification
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Enlarging Lens

A lens optimised for projecting a flat negative onto flat paper at close range.

mm
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Fibre-based Paper

Photographic paper whose emulsion is coated directly onto a paper base with no plastic layer.

g/m²
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Film

A flexible transparent base coated with a light-sensitive emulsion, which records an image chemically rather than electronically.

mm / format
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Film Base

The transparent support that carries the emulsion, historically nitrate or acetate and now usually polyester.

µm
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Film Grain

The visible texture produced by clumps of developed silver, which becomes more apparent with faster films and greater enlargement.

RMS granularity
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Film Speed

A film's sensitivity to light, rated on the ISO scale and formerly as ASA or DIN.

ISO arithmetic = 2^((DIN−1)/10) ISO
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Fixer

A solution that dissolves the undeveloped silver halide, making the image permanent and no longer light-sensitive.

minutes
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Infrared Film

Film sensitised beyond the visible spectrum into the near infrared, producing distinctive tonal reversals.

nm
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Latent Image

The invisible record formed in an emulsion by exposure, before development makes it visible.

Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Orange Mask

The integral orange-coloured layer in colour negative film that corrects for imperfections in its dyes.

Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Orthochromatic Emulsion

A black and white emulsion sensitive to blue and green but not to red light.

nm
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Panchromatic Emulsion

A black and white emulsion sensitised to all visible wavelengths, rendering colours as plausible grey tones.

nm
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Paper Grade

A number describing the contrast of a graded photographic paper, from soft grade 0 to very hard grade 5.

grade (0-5)
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Photogram

An image made by placing objects directly on photographic paper and exposing it to light, without a camera.

Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Photographic Paper

Paper coated with a light-sensitive emulsion, used to make prints from negatives.

g/m²
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Platinum Print

A contact printing process using platinum or palladium salts, giving an exceptionally long tonal scale and great permanence.

Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Pull Processing

Rating a film below its nominal speed and shortening development to compensate.

stops
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Push Processing

Rating a film above its nominal speed and extending development to compensate.

stops
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Reciprocity Failure

The breakdown of the reciprocity law at very long or very short exposures, where film needs more light than calculation predicts.

t_corrected = t^p seconds
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Resin-coated Paper

Photographic paper sealed between thin polyethylene layers so chemistry cannot penetrate the base.

g/m²
Film, Darkroom & Historic Processes

Safelight

A darkroom lamp emitting only wavelengths to which the material in use is insensitive.

nm