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Results for “Mole”

256 terms · page 3 of 11

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States of Matter & Gas Laws

Diffusion

The spontaneous spreading of one substance through another as a result of random molecular motion.

J = −D (dc/dx) m²/s Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Dipole Moment

The vector measure of the separation of positive and negative charge in a bond or molecule.

μ = q × d D Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Dipole–Dipole Interaction

The electrostatic attraction between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another.

E ∝ μ₁μ₂ / r³ kJ/mol Acids, Bases & Salts

Diprotic Acid

An acid that can donate two protons per molecule.

H₂A ⇌ 2H⁺ + A²⁻ mol/L Chemical Equilibrium

Dynamic Equilibrium

An equilibrium in which opposing processes continue at the molecular level but at equal and opposite rates.

rate_forward = rate_reverse Dimensionless States of Matter & Gas Laws

Effusion

The escape of gas molecules one at a time through a hole much smaller than the mean free path.

rate ∝ 1 / √M mol/s Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Electron Affinity

The energy change when one mole of gaseous atoms each gains an electron to form gaseous negative ions.

X(g) + e⁻ → X⁻(g) kJ/mol Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

Enthalpy of Atomisation

The enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms is produced from an element in its standard state.

ΔH_at° kJ/mol Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

Enthalpy of Fusion

The enthalpy change when one mole of a solid melts to a liquid at its melting point.

ΔH_fus kJ/mol Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

Enthalpy of Neutralisation

The enthalpy change when an acid and a base react to form one mole of water under standard conditions.

H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O, ΔH = −57.1 kJ kJ/mol Solutions & Colligative Properties

Enthalpy of Solution

The heat absorbed or released when one mole of a substance dissolves completely in a large excess of solvent.

ΔH_sol = ΔH_lattice + ΔH_hyd kJ/mol Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

Enthalpy of Sublimation

The enthalpy change when one mole of a solid converts directly into vapour.

ΔH_sub = ΔH_fus + ΔH_vap kJ/mol Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

Enthalpy of Vaporisation

The enthalpy change when one mole of a liquid becomes vapour at its boiling point.

ΔH_vap kJ/mol Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis

Enzyme Catalysis

Catalysis by protein molecules that bind substrates at a specific active site and lower the activation energy dramatically.

Dimensionless Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Equivalent Weight

The mass of a substance that combines with or displaces 1.008 g of hydrogen, 8 g of oxygen or one mole of electrons.

E = M / n-factor g/equiv States of Matter & Gas Laws

Evaporation

The escape of molecules from the surface of a liquid into the vapour phase below the boiling point.

kJ/mol Electrochemistry & Redox

Faraday Constant

The electric charge carried by one mole of electrons.

F = 96,485 C/mol C/mol Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy

Fragmentation Pattern

The characteristic set of smaller ions produced when a molecular ion breaks apart in a mass spectrometer.

Da Organic Chemistry

Functional Group

An atom or group of atoms within a molecule that determines its characteristic chemical behaviour.

Dimensionless Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Glycolysis

The ten-step metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose into two of pyruvate.

C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₃H₄O₃ + 2ATP + 2NADH kJ/mol Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Glycosidic Bond

The covalent linkage joining a sugar unit to another molecule through an oxygen bridge.

C–O–C Dimensionless Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry capable of measuring mass to four or more decimal places, allowing molecular formulae to be determined.

Da Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

HOMO and LUMO

The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, which together govern a molecule's reactivity and spectroscopy.

ΔE = E_LUMO − E_HOMO eV Foundations of Chemistry

Hydrate

A crystalline compound in which a definite number of water molecules is incorporated into the lattice.

MX·nH₂O Dimensionless