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Results for “Mole”

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Foundations of Chemistry

Mole

The SI base unit for amount of substance, containing exactly 6.02214076 × 10²³ elementary entities.

n = m / M mol
Solutions & Colligative Properties

Mole Fraction

The ratio of the moles of one component to the total moles of all components in a mixture.

x_A = n_A / n_total Dimensionless
Chemical Equilibrium

Mole Fraction Equilibrium Constant

The equilibrium constant written in terms of the mole fractions of the reacting gases.

Kx = Kp × p^(−Δn) Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Mole Ratio

The proportion between the amounts of any two substances in a reaction, taken directly from the balanced equation's coefficients.

n_A : n_B = a : b Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Molecular Equation

A chemical equation in which all reactants and products are written as complete, undissociated formulae.

AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq) Dimensionless
Foundations of Chemistry

Molecular Formula

The formula stating the actual number of atoms of each element present in one molecule of a compound.

molecular formula = n × empirical formula Dimensionless
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Molecular Geometry

The three-dimensional arrangement of the bonded atoms in a molecule, ignoring the positions of lone pairs.

degrees
Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy

Molecular Ion Peak

The peak in a mass spectrum corresponding to the intact molecule after loss of a single electron.

M⁺· Da
Foundations of Chemistry

Molecular Mass

The sum of the relative atomic masses of all atoms shown in a molecular formula.

M_r = Σ A_r (all atoms) Dimensionless
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Molecular Orbital Theory

The bonding model in which atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals delocalised over the entire molecule.

ψ_MO = c₁ψ_A ± c₂ψ_B Dimensionless
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis

Molecularity

The number of reacting species that collide simultaneously in a single elementary step.

Dimensionless
Foundations of Chemistry

Molecule

An electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds, acting as the smallest unit of a covalent substance.

Dimensionless
Acids, Bases & Salts

Acid Strength and Molecular Structure

The structural factors that determine how readily a molecule releases a proton.

Dimensionless
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Antibonding Molecular Orbital

A molecular orbital higher in energy than its parent atomic orbitals, whose occupation destabilises the molecule.

ψ* = ψ_A − ψ_B Dimensionless
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis

Bimolecular Reaction

An elementary step in which two species collide and react.

A + B → products, rate = k[A][B] L/(mol·s)
Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Biomolecule

An organic molecule produced by and essential to a living organism.

Dimensionless
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Bonding Molecular Orbital

A molecular orbital lower in energy than the atomic orbitals from which it forms, whose occupation stabilises the molecule.

ψ = ψ_A + ψ_B Dimensionless
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Intermolecular Forces

The comparatively weak attractions acting between separate molecules rather than within them.

kJ/mol
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Kinetic Molecular Theory

The model that explains gas behaviour in terms of large numbers of tiny particles in constant random motion.

pV = ⅓ Nmc̄² Dimensionless
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Odd-Electron Molecule

A species containing an unpaired electron, so that its total electron count is odd and no octet structure is possible.

Dimensionless
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis

Termolecular Reaction

An elementary step requiring the simultaneous collision of three species.

rate = k[A][B][C] L²/(mol²·s)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis

Unimolecular Reaction

An elementary step in which a single molecule rearranges or decomposes.

A → products, rate = k[A] s⁻¹
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis

Active Site

The specific region of a catalyst or enzyme at which the reacting molecules bind and are transformed.

Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Addition Reaction

A reaction in which two molecules combine to form a single larger product, with no atoms left over.

A + B → AB Dimensionless