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Terms starting with M

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Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Magic Numbers

Particular numbers of protons or neutrons that give a nucleus exceptional stability.

2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126 Dimensionless
Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry

Magnetic Moment of Complexes

The magnetic behaviour of a complex, determined by the number of unpaired electrons it contains.

μ = √(n(n+2)) BM BM
Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Magnetic Quantum Number

The quantum number mₗ that specifies the spatial orientation of an orbital relative to an applied magnetic field.

mₗ = −l … 0 … +l Dimensionless
Chemical Equilibrium

Magnitude of K and Extent of Reaction

The use of the size of the equilibrium constant to judge how far a reaction proceeds before equilibrium is reached.

K ≫ 1: products favoured Dimensionless
Organic Chemistry

Markovnikov's Rule

In the addition of a protic acid to an unsymmetrical alkene, the hydrogen attaches to the carbon already bearing more hydrogens.

Dimensionless
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Mass Defect

The difference between the mass of a nucleus and the sum of the masses of its constituent nucleons.

Δm = Zm_p + Nm_n − m_nucleus u
Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.

A = Z + N Dimensionless
Solutions & Colligative Properties

Mass Percentage

The mass of solute expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the solution.

% w/w = (m_solute / m_solution) × 100 Dimensionless
Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy

Mass Spectrometry

A technique that separates ionised molecules and fragments according to their mass-to-charge ratio.

m/z Da
Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy

Matrix

Everything in a sample other than the analyte itself.

Dimensionless
Foundations of Chemistry

Matter

Anything that occupies space and possesses rest mass, existing in the solid, liquid, gas or plasma state.

kg
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

Maximum Work

The greatest amount of work obtainable from a change of state, achieved only along a reversible path.

w_max = ΔA; w_max(non-pV) = ΔG J
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Maxwell–Boltzmann Distribution

The statistical distribution describing how molecular speeds are spread within a gas at a given temperature.

f(v) ∝ v² e^(−mv² / 2kT) Dimensionless
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Melting Point

The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium at a given pressure.

ΔG = 0 at T_m °C
Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Metabolism

The complete set of chemical reactions occurring within a living organism.

kJ/day
Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry

Metal Carbonyl

A coordination compound in which carbon monoxide molecules are bonded to a metal centre.

M(CO)ₙ Dimensionless
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Metallic Bond

The attraction between a lattice of metal cations and the delocalised electrons that move freely throughout the structure.

kJ/mol
Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Metallic Character

The tendency of an element to lose electrons and display typical metallic properties such as lustre, malleability and conductivity.

Dimensionless
Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Metalloid

An element with properties intermediate between those of metals and non-metals, lying along the periodic table's staircase.

Dimensionless
Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry

Metallurgy

The science and technology of extracting metals from their ores and preparing them for use.

Dimensionless
Acids, Bases & Salts

Methyl Orange

An acid–base indicator that is red in acid and yellow in alkali, changing between pH 3.1 and 4.4.

C₁₄H₁₄N₃NaO₃S Dimensionless
Solutions & Colligative Properties

Micelle

A spherical aggregate of surfactant molecules that forms in solution above a characteristic concentration.

mol/L
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis

Michaelis–Menten Kinetics

The standard model of enzyme kinetics, in which rate rises with substrate concentration until the enzyme becomes saturated.

v = V_max[S] / (K_m + [S]) mol/(L·s)
Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry

Mineral

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an ordered crystal structure.

Dimensionless