Home Wikituition Browse all terms Categories
Random term

Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

60 terms · page 2 of 3


A–Z
All A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Filtering by: Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Clear all
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes

The principle that gases react in volume ratios that are simple whole numbers, when measured at the same temperature and pressure.

V_A : V_B = a : b L
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Half-Reaction Method

A technique for balancing redox equations by splitting them into separate oxidation and reduction half-equations.

balance atoms, then O with H₂O, H with H⁺, charge with e⁻ Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Hydration Reaction

The addition of water across a multiple bond or the incorporation of water into a crystal lattice.

C=C + H₂O → C(OH)–CH Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Hydrolysis

A reaction in which a bond is cleaved by water, with the H and OH fragments adding to the two products.

AB + H₂O → AOH + BH Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Irreversible Reaction

A reaction that proceeds essentially to completion, with negligible conversion back to reactants.

A + B → C Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Law of Reciprocal Proportions

The principle that the mass ratios in which two elements combine with a third are related by a simple ratio to the ratio in which they…

Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Limiting Reagent

The reactant that is completely consumed first and therefore determines the maximum amount of product obtainable.

smallest n / coefficient mol
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Mole Ratio

The proportion between the amounts of any two substances in a reaction, taken directly from the balanced equation's coefficients.

n_A : n_B = a : b Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Molecular Equation

A chemical equation in which all reactants and products are written as complete, undissociated formulae.

AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq) Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Net Ionic Equation

An equation showing only the species that actually change during a reaction, with all spectator ions removed.

Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s) Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Neutralisation Reaction

The reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water.

HA + BOH → BA + H₂O kJ/mol
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Oxidation Number Method

A technique for balancing redox equations by equating the total increase and decrease in oxidation numbers.

Σ increase = Σ decrease Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Percentage Purity

The proportion of a sample that consists of the desired compound, expressed as a percentage of the total mass.

% purity = (mass pure / mass sample) × 100 Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Percentage Yield

The actual yield expressed as a percentage of the theoretical yield.

% yield = (actual / theoretical) × 100 Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Photochemical Reaction

A reaction initiated by the absorption of light, which promotes a molecule to an electronically excited state.

A + hν → A* nm
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Precipitate

An insoluble solid that separates from a solution as the result of a chemical reaction.

g
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Precipitation Reaction

A reaction in which two solutions combine to form an insoluble solid that separates from the mixture.

A⁺(aq) + B⁻(aq) → AB(s) Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Product

A substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

mol
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Pyrolysis

The thermal decomposition of a substance at high temperature in the absence of oxygen.

complex → simpler fragments (Δ, no O₂) °C
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Reactant

A starting substance that is consumed during a chemical reaction.

mol
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Rearrangement Reaction

A reaction in which the atoms of a molecule are reorganised to give a structural isomer.

A → A′ (isomer) Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Redox Reaction

A reaction in which electrons are transferred, so that one species is oxidised while another is reduced.

Ox₁ + Red₂ → Red₁ + Ox₂ V
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Reversible Reaction

A reaction that can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions under the same conditions.

A + B ⇌ C + D Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Roasting

The heating of a sulfide ore strongly in a plentiful supply of air to convert it into the oxide.

2MS + 3O₂ → 2MO + 2SO₂ °C