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Results for “Mole”

256 terms · page 6 of 11


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Solutions & Colligative Properties

Semipermeable Membrane

A barrier that allows solvent molecules to pass while blocking larger solute particles.

Dimensionless
Solutions & Colligative Properties

Solution

A homogeneous mixture in which one or more substances are dispersed uniformly at the molecular or ionic level in another.

Dimensionless
Solutions & Colligative Properties

Solvation

The surrounding and stabilisation of a solute particle by a shell of solvent molecules.

kJ/mol
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

Standard Enthalpy of Combustion

The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance burns completely in excess oxygen under standard conditions.

ΔH_c° kJ/mol
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

Standard Enthalpy of Formation

The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound forms from its elements in their standard states.

ΔH_f° kJ/mol
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

Standard Molar Entropy

The absolute entropy of one mole of a substance in its standard state at 298 K.

ΔS° = ΣS°(products) − ΣS°(reactants) J/(mol·K)
Organic Chemistry

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in which molecules have identical connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms.

Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Stoichiometry

The quantitative study of the mass and mole relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

n_A / a = n_B / b mol
Foundations of Chemistry

Structural Formula

A representation showing how the atoms in a molecule are connected and, often, how they are arranged in space.

Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Substitution Reaction

A reaction in which one atom or group in a molecule is replaced by another.

R–X + Y → R–Y + X Dimensionless
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Surface Tension

The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by unit amount, arising from unbalanced intermolecular forces at the surface.

γ = F / L N/m
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Tetrahedral Geometry

A molecular shape with four bonded atoms directed to the corners of a regular tetrahedron at 109.5°.

AX₄ degrees
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis

Threshold Energy

The minimum total energy that colliding molecules must possess for the collision to be capable of reaction.

E_threshold = Ea + E_average kJ/mol
Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Triglyceride

An ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid molecules, the main constituent of fats and oils.

glycerol + 3 RCOOH Dimensionless
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Trigonal Planar Geometry

A flat molecular shape with three bonded atoms arranged around a central atom at 120°.

AX₃ degrees
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis

Turnover Number

The number of substrate molecules converted per catalytic site per unit time.

TON = molecules converted / active sites s⁻¹
Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy

Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy

A technique that measures the absorption of ultraviolet and visible light by electronic transitions within molecules.

A = log(I₀/I) nm
Chemical Equilibrium

Units of the Equilibrium Constant

The dimensions carried by an equilibrium constant, determined by the change in the number of moles in the balanced equation.

units = (mol/L)^Δn Various
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Van der Waals Equation

A modified equation of state that corrects the ideal gas law for molecular volume and intermolecular attraction.

(p + an²/V²)(V − nb) = nRT Various
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Van der Waals Forces

The collective name for the weak attractive forces between molecules arising from dipole interactions.

E ∝ 1 / r⁶ kJ/mol
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Viscosity

A liquid's resistance to flow, arising from internal friction between adjacent layers of molecules.

F = ηA (dv/dx) Pa·s
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

VSEPR Theory

The model that predicts molecular shape by arranging valence electron pairs around a central atom so their mutual repulsion is minimised.

AXₘEₙ notation Dimensionless
Foundations of Chemistry

Water of Crystallisation

Water molecules chemically bound within the crystal lattice of a hydrated salt in a fixed stoichiometric ratio.

mol per mol
Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Zwitterion

A molecule carrying both a positive and a negative charge but no net overall charge.

⁺H₃N–CHR–COO⁻ Dimensionless