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Results for “Mole”

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Foundations of Chemistry

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, numerically equal to its relative atomic or molecular mass expressed in grams.

M = m / n g/mol
Foundations of Chemistry

Molar Volume

The volume occupied by one mole of a substance under stated conditions of temperature and pressure.

V_m = V / n = RT / p L/mol
Solutions & Colligative Properties

Molarity

The concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per litre of solution.

M = n / V M (mol/L)
Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Monomer

The small molecule that repeats to form a polymer.

g/mol
Acids, Bases & Salts

Monoprotic Acid

An acid that can donate only one proton per molecule.

HA ⇌ H⁺ + A⁻ mol/L
Solutions & Colligative Properties

Non-Ideal Solution

A solution that departs from Raoult's law because interactions between unlike molecules differ from those between like molecules.

p ≠ x p° Pa
Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

A technique that probes molecular structure using the resonance of atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field.

ν = γB₀ / 2π MHz
Organic Chemistry

Optical Isomerism

Stereoisomerism in which molecules are non-superimposable mirror images and rotate plane-polarised light in opposite directions.

degrees
Solutions & Colligative Properties

Osmosis

The net movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute to a concentrated solution.

Dimensionless
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis

Photochemical Quantum Yield

The number of molecules reacting for each photon of light absorbed by the system.

Φ = molecules reacted / photons absorbed Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Photochemical Reaction

A reaction initiated by the absorption of light, which promotes a molecule to an electronically excited state.

A + hν → A* nm
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis

Physisorption

Weak adsorption in which molecules are held to a surface by van der Waals forces alone.

ΔH ≈ −20 to −40 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Polarisability

The ease with which the electron cloud of an atom, ion or molecule can be distorted by an external electric field.

μ_induced = α × E C·m²/V
Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Polymer

A large molecule built from many repeating structural units joined by covalent bonds.

–(A)ₙ– g/mol
Acids, Bases & Salts

Polyprotic Acid

An acid capable of donating more than one proton per molecule.

H₂A ⇌ H⁺ + HA⁻ ⇌ 2H⁺ + A²⁻ mol/L
Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Protein

A large biomolecule made of one or more chains of amino acids folded into a specific three-dimensional shape.

g/mol
Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy

Raman Spectroscopy

A vibrational technique based on the small shift in frequency of light scattered inelastically by molecules.

Δν̃ = ν̃_incident − ν̃_scattered cm⁻¹
Solutions & Colligative Properties

Raoult's Law

The partial vapour pressure of each component of an ideal solution equals its mole fraction times its pure vapour pressure.

p_A = x_A p°_A Pa
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Real Gas

An actual gas whose behaviour deviates from the ideal gas law because its molecules occupy volume and attract one another.

Z = pV / nRT ≠ 1 Dimensionless
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Rearrangement Reaction

A reaction in which the atoms of a molecule are reorganised to give a structural isomer.

A → A′ (isomer) Dimensionless
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Resonance

The description of a molecule whose true structure is a weighted average of two or more valid Lewis structures.

A ↔ B ↔ C Dimensionless
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

Resonance Energy

The extra stability a molecule gains from electron delocalisation, measured against the most stable single Lewis structure.

ΔE_res = E(hybrid) − E(best structure) kJ/mol
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Root Mean Square Speed

The square root of the average of the squared molecular speeds in a gas sample.

c_rms = √(3RT / M) m/s
Acids, Bases & Salts

Self-Ionisation of Water

The reaction in which two water molecules transfer a proton to give a hydronium and a hydroxide ion.

2H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + OH⁻ mol/L