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960 terms · page 13 of 40
Electrochemical Series
Electrochemistry & Redox
V
A list of redox couples arranged in order of their standard electrode potentials.
Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry & Redox
V
The study of the relationship between chemical change and electrical energy.
Electrode
Electrochemistry & Redox
Dimensionless
A conductor through which electric current enters or leaves an electrolyte.
Electrolysis
Electrochemistry & Redox
C
The decomposition of an electrolyte by passing an electric current through it.
Electrolyte
Electrochemistry & Redox
S/m
A substance that produces mobile ions when dissolved or molten and therefore conducts electricity.
Electrolytic Cell
Electrochemistry & Redox
V
An electrochemical cell in which an external electrical supply drives a non-spontaneous redox reaction.
E°cell < 0
Electrolytic Conductivity
Electrochemistry & Redox
S/m
The ability of an electrolyte solution to conduct electric current, equal to the reciprocal of its resistivity.
κ = (1/R)(l/A)
Electromotive Force
Electrochemistry & Redox
V
The maximum potential difference a cell can produce, measured when no current is being drawn.
emf = E_cathode − E_anode
Electron
Atomic Structure & Periodicity
u
A negatively charged fundamental particle that occupies orbitals around the nucleus and governs chemical bonding.
m_e = 9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kg
Electron Affinity
Atomic Structure & Periodicity
kJ/mol
The energy change when one mole of gaseous atoms each gains an electron to form gaseous negative ions.
X(g) + e⁻ → X⁻(g)
Electron Capture
Nuclear & Radiochemistry
MeV
Radioactive decay in which a nucleus absorbs an inner-shell electron, converting a proton into a neutron.
p + e⁻ → n + ν
Electron Configuration
Atomic Structure & Periodicity
Dimensionless
The notation describing how an atom's electrons are distributed among its available orbitals.
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ …
Electron Domain Geometry
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
degrees
The spatial arrangement of all electron domains — bonding and lone pairs alike — around a central atom.
Electron Sea Model
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
Dimensionless
The model of metallic bonding in which fixed cations are immersed in a mobile cloud of delocalised valence electrons.
Electronegativity
Atomic Structure & Periodicity
Dimensionless
The relative tendency of an atom in a covalent bond to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself.
ΔEN determines bond polarity
Electrophile
Organic Chemistry
Dimensionless
An electron-deficient species that seeks and accepts a pair of electrons from an electron-rich centre.
E⁺
Electrophilic Addition
Organic Chemistry
Dimensionless
A reaction in which an electrophile adds across a carbon–carbon multiple bond, converting a pi bond into two sigma bonds.
C=C + E–Nu → C(E)–C(Nu)
Electrophilic Substitution
Organic Chemistry
Dimensionless
A reaction in which an electrophile replaces a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring.
ArH + E⁺ → ArE + H⁺
Electrophoresis
Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy
cm/s
A separation technique in which charged species migrate through a medium under an applied electric field.
v = μE
Electroplating
Electrochemistry & Redox
g
The deposition of a thin metal coating onto a conducting surface by electrolysis.
Electrorefining
Electrochemistry & Redox
Dimensionless
The purification of a metal by dissolving it from an impure anode and depositing it in pure form at the cathode.
Electrowinning
Electrochemistry & Redox
kWh/kg
The extraction of a metal from a solution or molten salt of its ore by electrolysis.
Element
Foundations of Chemistry
Dimensionless
A pure substance composed entirely of atoms that share the same atomic number and therefore cannot be split into simpler substances by chemical means.
Elementary Reaction
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis
Dimensionless
A reaction that occurs in a single step exactly as written, with no detectable intermediate.
order = molecularity