Chemistry terms starting with I

Ionic Bond Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure kJ/mol The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another. F ∝ q₁q₂ / r²

Ionic Equilibrium Chemical Equilibrium mol/L An equilibrium involving ions in solution, such as the dissociation of weak electrolytes or the dissolution of sparingly soluble salts.

Ionic Product Chemical Equilibrium Various The product of the ion concentrations actually present in a solution, each raised to its stoichiometric power. Q_sp = [A⁺]^m[B⁻]^n

Ionic Product of Water Acids, Bases & Salts mol²/L² The equilibrium constant for the self-ionisation of water, equal to the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations. Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴

Ionic Radius Atomic Structure & Periodicity pm The effective radius of an ion within a crystal lattice, deduced from measured interionic distances.

Ionic Strength Chemical Equilibrium mol/L A measure of the total concentration of ionic charge in a solution. I = ½ Σ c_i z_i²

Ionisation Energy Atomic Structure & Periodicity kJ/mol The minimum energy needed to remove the most loosely held electron from one mole of gaseous atoms in their ground state. X(g) → X⁺(g) + e⁻

Ionisation Isomerism Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Dimensionless Isomerism arising when an anion inside the coordination sphere exchanges places with the counter ion outside it.

Ionising Radiation Nuclear & Radiochemistry eV Radiation with enough energy to remove electrons from atoms, creating ions.

Ion–Dipole Interaction Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure kJ/mol The attraction between an ion and the oppositely charged end of a polar molecule. E ∝ q μ / r²

Irreversible Process Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics J/K A real process that passes through non-equilibrium states and cannot be reversed without leaving a permanent change in the surroundings. ΔS_universe > 0

Irreversible Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A reaction that proceeds essentially to completion, with negligible conversion back to reactants. A + B → C

Isobar Atomic Structure & Periodicity Dimensionless One of a set of atoms of different elements that share the same mass number but have different atomic numbers. same A, different Z

Isobaric Process Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics J A process carried out at constant pressure. q_p = ΔH

Isochoric Process Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics J A process carried out at constant volume, so that no expansion work is done. w = 0, q_V = ΔU

Isoelectric Point Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry Dimensionless The pH at which a molecule carries no net electrical charge. pI = (pKa₁ + pKa₂)/2

Isoelectronic Species Atomic Structure & Periodicity Dimensionless Atoms or ions that possess the same number of electrons and the same electron configuration.

Isolated System Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics Dimensionless A system that exchanges neither energy nor matter with its surroundings. ΔU = 0

Isomerism Organic Chemistry Dimensionless The existence of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.

Isomerism in Coordination Compounds Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Dimensionless The existence of complexes with the same formula but different structures or spatial arrangements.

Isomorphism States of Matter & Gas Laws Dimensionless The property of two or more different substances crystallising in the same structural form.

Isothermal Process Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics J A process carried out at constant temperature, with heat exchanged as needed to maintain it. ΔU = 0 (ideal gas), w = −nRT ln(V₂/V₁)

Isotone Atomic Structure & Periodicity Dimensionless One of a set of nuclides that contain the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons. same N, different Z

Isotonic Solution Solutions & Colligative Properties atm A solution having the same osmotic pressure as another, so that no net osmotic flow occurs between them. π₁ = π₂

Terms starting with I