Terms starting with E
81 terms · page 1 of 4
E1 Reaction
Organic Chemistry
s⁻¹
A two-step elimination proceeding through a carbocation, which then loses a proton to form an alkene.
rate = k[substrate]
E2 Reaction
Organic Chemistry
L/(mol·s)
A single-step elimination in which a base removes a proton as the leaving group departs, forming a double bond.
rate = k[substrate][base]
Ebullioscopic Constant
Solutions & Colligative Properties
K·kg/mol
The boiling point elevation produced by a one-molal solution of a non-electrolyte in a given solvent.
K_b = RT_b²M / ΔH_vap
Effect of a Catalyst on Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium
Dimensionless
A catalyst changes how quickly equilibrium is reached but never where that equilibrium lies.
K unchanged
Effect of an Inert Gas
Chemical Equilibrium
Pa
The influence of adding a non-reacting gas on the position of a gaseous equilibrium.
Effect of Concentration Change
Chemical Equilibrium
mol/L
The shift in equilibrium position caused by adding or removing a reactant or product.
Q ≠ K → shift until Q = K
Effect of Pressure Change
Chemical Equilibrium
Pa
The shift in a gaseous equilibrium caused by changing the total pressure through a volume change.
shift towards fewer gas moles when p rises
Effect of Temperature Change
Chemical Equilibrium
K
The shift in equilibrium caused by heating or cooling, which uniquely also changes the equilibrium constant.
exothermic: K falls as T rises
Effective Atomic Number Rule
Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry
Dimensionless
The observation that stable metal carbonyls tend to have a total electron count equal to that of the next noble gas.
EAN = Z − oxidation state + 2n(ligands)
Effective Collision
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis
Dimensionless
A collision that actually leads to reaction because it has both sufficient energy and correct orientation.
Effective Nuclear Charge
Atomic Structure & Periodicity
Dimensionless
The net positive charge actually experienced by a particular electron after allowing for shielding by other electrons.
Z_eff = Z − σ
Effervescence
Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions
Dimensionless
The rapid escape of gas bubbles from a liquid during a chemical reaction.
Effusion
States of Matter & Gas Laws
mol/s
The escape of gas molecules one at a time through a hole much smaller than the mean free path.
rate ∝ 1 / √M
Electrochemical Cell
Electrochemistry & Redox
V
A device in which a redox reaction and an electric current are interconverted through two separated electrodes.
Electrochemical Equivalent
Electrochemistry & Redox
g/C
The mass of a substance liberated by the passage of one coulomb of charge.
Z = M / (nF)
Electrochemical Series
Electrochemistry & Redox
V
A list of redox couples arranged in order of their standard electrode potentials.
Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry & Redox
V
The study of the relationship between chemical change and electrical energy.
Electrode
Electrochemistry & Redox
Dimensionless
A conductor through which electric current enters or leaves an electrolyte.
Electrolysis
Electrochemistry & Redox
C
The decomposition of an electrolyte by passing an electric current through it.
Electrolyte
Electrochemistry & Redox
S/m
A substance that produces mobile ions when dissolved or molten and therefore conducts electricity.
Electrolytic Cell
Electrochemistry & Redox
V
An electrochemical cell in which an external electrical supply drives a non-spontaneous redox reaction.
E°cell < 0
Electrolytic Conductivity
Electrochemistry & Redox
S/m
The ability of an electrolyte solution to conduct electric current, equal to the reciprocal of its resistivity.
κ = (1/R)(l/A)
Electromotive Force
Electrochemistry & Redox
V
The maximum potential difference a cell can produce, measured when no current is being drawn.
emf = E_cathode − E_anode
Electron
Atomic Structure & Periodicity
u
A negatively charged fundamental particle that occupies orbitals around the nucleus and governs chemical bonding.
m_e = 9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kg