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Terms starting with W

21 terms


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Nuclear & Particle Physics

W and Z Bosons

Massive elementary vector gauge bosons that mediate the weak nuclear interaction.

M_W ≈ 80.38 GeV/c², M_Z ≈ 91.19 GeV/c², Spin = 1 GeV/c² (Rest Mass Energy)
Geophysics & Environmental Physics

Wadati-Benioff Zone

A planar dipping zone of earthquake foci produced by the subduction of a cold, rigid oceanic lithospheric plate into the mantle.

Seismic Focal Depth down to ~670 km along dipping slab km (Focal Depth)
Thermodynamics & Statistical Physics

Water Equivalent

The mass of water that absorbs or releases the exact same amount of heat as a calorimeter body for an identical temperature change.

w = m_cal c_cal / c_water kg (or g)
Electromagnetism & Electronics

Wattless Current

The component of alternating current that is 90 degrees out of phase with AC voltage, consuming zero net electrical power.

I_wattless = I_rms sin φ A (Amperes)
Waves, Oscillations & Acoustics

Wave Dispersion

The phenomenon where wave phase velocity depends on wave frequency or wavelength in a medium.

v_p = f(λ), d²ω/dk² ≠ 0 N/A
Quantum & Atomic Physics

Wave Function

A complex-valued mathematical function containing all the physical information about the state of an isolated quantum mechanical system.

ψ(x, t) = A e^(i (k x - ω t)) m^(-3/2) (in 3D space)
Waves, Oscillations & Acoustics

Wave Number

A spatial frequency measure expressing the number of radians or wave cycles per unit distance.

k = 2π / λ rad/m (or m⁻¹)
Waves, Oscillations & Acoustics

Wave Packet

A short localized burst or envelope of wave energy formed by the superposition of multiple waves with slightly different frequencies.

Δx Δk ≥ ½ m
Quantum & Atomic Physics

Wave-Particle Duality

The fundamental quantum mechanical principle stating that every subatomic entity exhibits both wave-like and particle-like behavior…

E = h ν, p = h / λ Dimensionless Concept
Waves, Oscillations & Acoustics

Waveform

The visual shape or graph of a signal or wave as a function of time or spatial position.

y = f(x - v t) N/A
Nuclear & Particle Physics

Weak Nuclear Force

The short-range fundamental interaction responsible for flavor-changing particle transformations, neutrino interactions, and radioactive…

Mediated by massive W⁺, W⁻, and Z⁰ gauge bosons Range ~ 10⁻¹⁸ m
Biophysics & Medical Physics

Weber-Fechner Law

A psychophysical law stating that human subjective sensory perception is proportional to the logarithm of the physical stimulus intensity.

p = k ln(S / S₀) (Perceived Sensation = k ln(Stimulus Intensity)) Psychophysical Scale (e.g. dB, Stellar Magnitude)
Foundations of Physics

Weight

The downward gravitational force exerted on an object's mass by a surrounding gravitational field.

W = m g N
Electromagnetism & Electronics

Wheatstone Bridge

An electrical bridge network consisting of four resistor arms used to measure an unknown electrical resistance with high precision.

R_x = R₃ (R₂ / R₁) (when balanced: I_galvanometer = 0) Ω (Ohms)
Plasma Physics

Whistler Waves

A right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave mode propagating along magnetic field lines in a magnetized plasma below electron…

v_phase = c √(ω ω_ce) / ω_pe (For ω ≪ ω_ce) Audio Frequency Pitch Glissando (kHz)
Astrophysics, Cosmology & Relativity

White Dwarf

The dense stellar remnant remaining after a low-to-medium mass star exhausts its core nuclear fuel and sheds its outer layers.

P_deg ∝ ρ^(5/3) (Electron Degeneracy Pressure) M_☉ (Mass) or R_Earth (Radius)
Thermodynamics & Statistical Physics

Wien's Displacement Law

The physical law stating that peak emission wavelength of a blackbody spectrum is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature.

λ_max T = b ≈ 2.89777 × 10⁻³ m·K m·K
Classical Mechanics

Work

The scalar energy transferred to or from an object by a force acting through a displacement.

W = F · d = |F| |d| cos θ J (N·m)
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics

Work Hardening

The strengthening of a metal by plastic deformation, caused by dislocation multiplication and entanglement obstructing further slip.

σ_y = σ₀ + α G b √ρ_dislocation (Taylor Relation) MPa (Increased Yield Strength)
Classical Mechanics

Work-Energy Theorem

The principle stating that net work done by all forces acting on an object equals the net change in its kinetic energy.

W_net = ΔKE = ½ m vf² - ½ m vi² J
Astrophysics, Cosmology & Relativity

Wormhole

A hypothetical topological feature of spacetime creating a shortcut connecting two separate points in space and time.

ds² = -c² dt² + dl² + (r₀² + l²) (dθ² + sin²θ dφ²) Einstein-Rosen Bridge Topology