Weak Nuclear Force
The short-range fundamental interaction responsible for flavor-changing particle transformations, neutrino interactions, and radioactive beta decay.
Governing formula
Mediated by massive W⁺, W⁻, and Z⁰ gauge bosons
SI unit
Range ~ 10⁻¹⁸ m
In depth
Mediated by heavy gauge bosons (W⁺, W⁻, Z⁰ with masses ~80–91 GeV/c²), giving it an ultra-short range (~10⁻¹⁸ m). Uniquely, the weak interaction changes quark flavors and violates parity (mirror) symmetry.
Examples in the real world
Allowing a down quark inside a neutron to transition into an up quark, transforming a neutron into a proton during beta-minus decay.