W and Z Bosons
Massive elementary vector gauge bosons that mediate the weak nuclear interaction.
Governing formula
M_W ≈ 80.38 GeV/c², M_Z ≈ 91.19 GeV/c², Spin = 1
SI unit
GeV/c² (Rest Mass Energy)
In depth
Charged W⁺ and W⁻ bosons mediate weak charged-current interactions (changing quark/lepton flavor and charge), while neutral Z⁰ bosons mediate weak neutral-current interactions. Their heavy rest masses restrict weak interactions to ultra-short ranges.
Examples in the real world
W⁻ boson emission driving neutron beta decay into a proton, electron, and electron antineutrino.