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Fatty Acid Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry g/mol A long-chain carboxylic acid, usually with an even number of carbon atoms. CH₃(CH₂)ₙCOOH Fermentation Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of sugars into simpler products such as ethanol and carbon dioxide. C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂ Filtration Foundations of Chemistry Dimensionless A separation technique that removes suspended solid particles from a fluid by passing the mixture through a porous medium. Fingerprint Region Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy cm⁻¹ The complex lower-frequency part of an infrared spectrum, below about 1500 cm⁻¹, unique to each compound. 400–1500 cm⁻¹ First Law of Thermodynamics Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics J The energy of an isolated system is constant; energy can be converted between forms but never created or destroyed. ΔU = q + w First-Order Reaction Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis s⁻¹ A reaction whose rate is directly proportional to the concentration of a single reactant. ln[A] = ln[A]₀ − kt Flame Test Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy nm A qualitative test in which a sample is heated in a flame and identified by the characteristic colour emitted. Flux Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Dimensionless A substance added during smelting to combine with the gangue and form a fusible slag. Foam Solutions & Colligative Properties nm A colloidal system in which gas bubbles are dispersed throughout a liquid or solid medium. Formal Charge Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure Dimensionless The hypothetical charge on an atom in a Lewis structure assuming all bonding electrons are shared equally. FC = V − L − B/2 Formula Unit Foundations of Chemistry Dimensionless The simplest whole-number ratio of ions represented in the empirical formula of an ionic or network compound. Fractional Distillation Foundations of Chemistry Dimensionless A distillation carried out through a packed or plated column that repeatedly vaporises and condenses the mixture to separate liquids with close boiling points. Fragmentation Pattern Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy Da The characteristic set of smaller ions produced when a molecular ion breaks apart in a mass spectrometer. Free Energy and Cell Potential Electrochemistry & Redox kJ/mol The relation linking the Gibbs energy change of a cell reaction to the electromotive force it generates. ΔG = −nFE Free Energy and Equilibrium Constant Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics kJ/mol The relation connecting the standard Gibbs energy change of a reaction to its equilibrium constant. ΔG° = −RT ln K Free Radical Organic Chemistry Dimensionless A highly reactive species containing an unpaired electron. R· Free Radical Chain Mechanism Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis Dimensionless A chain mechanism in which the propagating intermediates are species bearing unpaired electrons. X· + RH → HX + R· Freezing Point States of Matter & Gas Laws °C The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid, numerically identical to the melting point of the pure substance. ΔT_f = K_f × m Freezing Point Depression Solutions & Colligative Properties °C The lowering of a solvent's freezing point caused by dissolved solute particles. ΔT_f = i K_f m Frenkel Defect States of Matter & Gas Laws Dimensionless A point defect in which an ion leaves its lattice site and lodges in a nearby interstitial position. Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis mol/g An empirical relation describing adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces with a distribution of site energies. x/m = k p^(1/n) Friedel–Crafts Reaction Organic Chemistry Dimensionless The introduction of an alkyl or acyl group onto an aromatic ring using a Lewis acid catalyst. ArH + RCl + AlCl₃ → ArR + HCl Froth Flotation Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Dimensionless A concentration method that separates minerals by exploiting differences in how readily their surfaces are wetted. Fuel Cell Electrochemistry & Redox V An electrochemical cell that generates electricity continuously from a fuel and oxidant supplied from outside.