Chemistry terms starting with I

ICE Table Chemical Equilibrium mol/L A systematic tabulation of Initial, Change and Equilibrium amounts used to solve equilibrium problems.

Ideal Gas States of Matter & Gas Laws Dimensionless A hypothetical gas whose particles have zero volume and exert no intermolecular forces, obeying pV = nRT exactly at all conditions. pV = nRT

Ideal Gas Law States of Matter & Gas Laws Various The equation of state relating the pressure, volume, amount and absolute temperature of an ideal gas. pV = nRT

Ideal Solution Solutions & Colligative Properties Dimensionless A solution in which the interactions between unlike molecules are identical to those between like molecules, so Raoult's law holds at all compositions. ΔH_mix = 0, ΔV_mix = 0

Immiscible Liquids Solutions & Colligative Properties Dimensionless Two liquids that do not dissolve in one another and separate into distinct layers.

Incomplete Octet Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure Dimensionless A stable bonding arrangement in which the central atom carries fewer than eight valence electrons.

Indicator Range Acids, Bases & Salts Dimensionless The span of pH over which an indicator's colour visibly changes, roughly one unit either side of its pKa. pH = pK_In ± 1

Induced Fit Model Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry Dimensionless The model in which the active site changes shape on substrate binding to achieve a closer fit.

Inductive Effect Organic Chemistry Dimensionless The permanent polarisation of a sigma bond caused by the differing electronegativity of the attached atoms. −I and +I effects

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy ppb A technique combining a plasma ion source with a mass spectrometer for ultra-trace multi-element analysis.

Infrared Spectroscopy Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy cm⁻¹ A technique that identifies functional groups from the infrared frequencies a molecule absorbs as its bonds vibrate. ν̃ = (1/2πc)√(k/μ)

Inhibitor Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis Dimensionless A substance that decreases the rate of a chemical reaction.

Initial Rate Method Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis mol/(L·s) A technique for determining reaction orders by measuring the starting rate in a series of experiments with different initial concentrations. rate₂/rate₁ = ([A]₂/[A]₁)^m

Inner Transition Element Atomic Structure & Periodicity Dimensionless An element of the lanthanide or actinide series, in which f orbitals are being filled. (n−2)f orbitals filling

Instantaneous Rate Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis mol/(L·s) The rate of a reaction at one particular moment, given by the gradient of the concentration–time curve at that point. rate = d[A]/dt

Integrated Rate Law Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis mol/L The equation obtained by integrating a differential rate law, giving concentration directly as a function of time. varies with order

Integration in NMR Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy Dimensionless The measurement of the area under each NMR signal, which is proportional to the number of nuclei giving rise to it. area ∝ number of nuclei

Intensive Property Foundations of Chemistry Various A property whose value is independent of the amount of substance present.

Intermolecular Forces Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure kJ/mol The comparatively weak attractions acting between separate molecules rather than within them.

Internal Energy Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics J The total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles within a system. ΔU = q + w

Interstitial Compound Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Dimensionless A compound formed when small atoms occupy the spaces between metal atoms in a lattice.

Interstitial Void States of Matter & Gas Laws Dimensionless An empty space between the packed spheres of a crystal lattice, capable of hosting a smaller ion or atom. r_void / r_sphere = 0.225 or 0.414

Iodometry Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy mol/L A redox titration in which iodine liberated by the analyte is titrated with standard thiosulfate. I₂ + 2S₂O₃²⁻ → 2I⁻ + S₄O₆²⁻

Ion Foundations of Chemistry C (charge) An atom or group of atoms carrying a net electrical charge because its electron count differs from its proton count.

Terms starting with I