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Enthalpy Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics kJ/mol A thermodynamic state function equal to internal energy plus the product of pressure and volume. H = U + pV Enthalpy Level Diagram Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics kJ/mol A diagram plotting the enthalpies of reactants and products to show the direction and size of the enthalpy change. Enthalpy of Atomisation Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics kJ/mol The enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms is produced from an element in its standard state. ΔH_at° Enthalpy of Dilution Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics kJ/mol The enthalpy change when a solution is diluted from one concentration to another by adding solvent. ΔH_dil Enthalpy of Fusion Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics kJ/mol The enthalpy change when one mole of a solid melts to a liquid at its melting point. ΔH_fus Enthalpy of Neutralisation Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics kJ/mol The enthalpy change when an acid and a base react to form one mole of water under standard conditions. H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O, ΔH = −57.1 kJ Enthalpy of Reaction Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics kJ/mol The heat absorbed or released when a reaction occurs at constant pressure in the molar amounts of the balanced equation. ΔH_rxn = ΣΔH_f(products) − ΣΔH_f(reactants) Enthalpy of Solution Solutions & Colligative Properties kJ/mol The heat absorbed or released when one mole of a substance dissolves completely in a large excess of solvent. ΔH_sol = ΔH_lattice + ΔH_hyd Enthalpy of Sublimation Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics kJ/mol The enthalpy change when one mole of a solid converts directly into vapour. ΔH_sub = ΔH_fus + ΔH_vap Enthalpy of Vaporisation Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics kJ/mol The enthalpy change when one mole of a liquid becomes vapour at its boiling point. ΔH_vap Endothermic Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions kJ/mol A reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings, giving a positive enthalpy change. ΔH > 0 Exothermic Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions kJ/mol A reaction that releases energy to the surroundings, giving a negative enthalpy change. ΔH < 0 Ebullioscopic Constant Solutions & Colligative Properties K·kg/mol The boiling point elevation produced by a one-molal solution of a non-electrolyte in a given solvent. K_b = RT_b²M / ΔH_vap Energy Profile Diagram Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis kJ/mol A plot of potential energy against reaction coordinate showing reactants, transition states, intermediates and products. Extensive Property Foundations of Chemistry Various A property whose value is directly proportional to the quantity of matter in the sample.