Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions — 60 Terms Defined

Activity Series Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions V A ranking of metals in order of their tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions.

Actual Yield Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions g The mass of pure product actually isolated at the end of an experiment.

Addition Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A reaction in which two molecules combine to form a single larger product, with no atoms left over. A + B → AB

Balanced Chemical Equation Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless An equation in which the number of atoms of each element and the total charge are identical on both sides. Σ atoms(left) = Σ atoms(right)

Calcination Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions °C The heating of an ore or compound to high temperature in the absence or limited supply of air to drive off volatile matter. MCO₃ →(Δ) MO + CO₂

Chemical Equation Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction showing reactants on the left and products on the right. aA + bB → cC + dD

Combination Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A reaction in which two or more substances unite to form a single product. A + B → AB

Combustion Analysis Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions g A technique that determines the empirical formula of an organic compound by burning it completely and weighing the CO₂ and H₂O produced. C → CO₂, H → H₂O

Combustion Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions kJ/mol The rapid exothermic reaction of a substance with oxygen, usually producing heat and light. CₓH_y + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O

Complete Ionic Equation Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless An equation showing every soluble strong electrolyte as its separate constituent ions.

Comproportionation Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A redox reaction in which two species of the same element in different oxidation states combine to give a single intermediate state. A⁺ + A⁻ → 2A

Condensation Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A reaction in which two molecules join with the elimination of a small molecule, usually water. A–OH + H–B → A–B + H₂O

Decomposition Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. AB → A + B

Dehydration Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A reaction in which water is removed from a single molecule, generally producing an unsaturated or condensed product. R–CH₂–CH₂OH → R–CH=CH₂ + H₂O

Disproportionation Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A redox reaction in which a single species is simultaneously oxidised and reduced. 2A → A⁺ + A⁻

Double Displacement Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A reaction in which two compounds exchange partner ions to form two new compounds. AB + CD → AD + CB

Effervescence Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless The rapid escape of gas bubbles from a liquid during a chemical reaction.

Elimination Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A reaction in which two substituents are removed from adjacent atoms, generating a multiple bond. R–CH₂–CHX–R → R–CH=CH–R + HX

Endothermic Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions kJ/mol A reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings, giving a positive enthalpy change. ΔH > 0

Equivalent Weight Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions g/equiv The mass of a substance that combines with or displaces 1.008 g of hydrogen, 8 g of oxygen or one mole of electrons. E = M / n-factor

Esterification Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless The acid-catalysed condensation of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester and water. RCOOH + R′OH ⇌ RCOOR′ + H₂O

Excess Reagent Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions mol A reactant present in a greater amount than is needed to consume the limiting reagent completely. n_excess = n_initial − n_reacted

Exothermic Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions kJ/mol A reaction that releases energy to the surroundings, giving a negative enthalpy change. ΔH < 0

Fermentation Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of sugars into simpler products such as ethanol and carbon dioxide. C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂