Semiconductor Diode
A two-terminal semiconductor device formed by a p-n junction that allows electric current to flow easily in one direction while blocking it in reverse.
Governing formula
I = I_s [exp(e V / (k_B T)) - 1]
SI unit
A (Current), V (Voltage)
In depth
Forward bias narrows the p-n depletion region allowing charge flow, while reverse bias widens the depletion region to block current flow until reverse breakdown.
Examples in the real world
Diode bridge rectifiers converting household AC electrical power into DC power for computers and smartphones.