Faraday's Law of Induction
Maxwell's third equation stating that a time-varying magnetic flux through a closed conductive loop induces an electromotive force (EMF) around the loop.
Governing formula
E = -dΦ_B / dt, ∇ × E = -∂B/∂t
SI unit
V (Volts)
In depth
The negative sign in the equation represents Lenz's law, indicating that induced current creates a magnetic field that opposes the change in magnetic flux. This fundamental principle enables electric generators, inductors, and transformers.
Examples in the real world
Rotating wire coils inside a magnetic field at hydroelectric power plants to convert mechanical energy into AC electrical energy.