Equipotential Surface
A continuous three-dimensional surface on which every point shares the exact same electric potential.
Governing formula
V = constant ⇒ dV = -E · dr = 0
SI unit
V (Volts)
In depth
No net work is done moving an electric charge along an equipotential surface because potential energy remains constant. Consequently, electric field lines must always intersect equipotential surfaces at right angles (90°).
Examples in the real world
The surface of any ideal conductor in electrostatic equilibrium, which forms a perfect equipotential surface.