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Plasma Physics

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Plasma Physics

Magnetic Confinement

The trapping of high-temperature fusion plasma using intense magnetic fields that exert Lorentz forces to prevent plasma particles from…

β = p / (B² / (2 μ₀)) = 2 μ₀ n k_B T / B² Dimensionless Ratio (Plasma Beta β)
Plasma Physics

Magnetic Helicity & Taylor Relaxation

A topological invariant measuring the linking, twisting, and tangling of magnetic flux lines in a closed plasma volume.

K = ∭ A · B dV, ∇ × B = μ B (Taylor State) Wb² (Magnetic Helicity Units)
Plasma Physics

Magnetic Mirror

A magnetic confinement configuration where converging magnetic field lines reflect charged particles back toward regions of weaker magnetic…

Sin²(θ_loss) = B_min / B_max (Loss Cone Angle) Dimensionless Mirror Ratio B_max / B_min
Plasma Physics

Magnetic Reconnection

A fundamental plasma process where opposing magnetic field lines break and explosively reconnect, releasing stored magnetic field energy…

E_reconnection ≈ M_A v_A B (Alfvénic Reconnection Rate) MW or Joules (Energy Conversion)
Plasma Physics

Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF)

A hybrid fusion approach that combines magnetic confinement thermal insulation with rapid mechanical or laser inertial compression.

Hybrid MTF: Density n ~ 10²⁴ m⁻³, Confinement Time τ_E ~ 1 μs–1 ms Hybrid Density & Time Scale
Plasma Physics

Magnetohydrodynamics

The fluid framework describing the macroscopic dynamics and magnetic field interactions of electrically conducting fluids and magnetized…

∂B / ∂t = ∇ × (v × B) + η ∇²B, ρ (dv/dt) = -∇p + J × B + ρ g MHD Equations Framework
Plasma Physics

Magnetron Sputtering

A physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique utilizing magnetically confined glow discharge plasma to sputter target material onto…

E × B Electron Trapping drift path near cathode target nm/s (Deposition Rate)