Dodging
Holding back light from part of a print during exposure so that area comes out lighter.
Measured in
seconds
In depth
Dodging is done with a hand or a small shaped card on a wire, kept moving so its edge does not register as a hard line. Because it reduces exposure, it lightens the print — the opposite of what the negative's density would otherwise give — and is the standard remedy for a shadow area that would otherwise print featureless black.
Examples in practice
Dodging a face for three seconds of a fifteen-second exposure opens the shadow under a hat brim.