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Terms starting with G

23 terms


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Colour & Colour Management

Gamma

The non-linear relationship between stored numerical values and displayed brightness in a colour space or on a device.

Output = Input^γ γ exponent
Colour & Colour Management

Gamut

The complete range of colours a device, medium or colour space can produce or record.

Colour & Colour Management

Gamut Mapping

The process of converting colours from a larger space into a smaller one while preserving as much of the image's appearance as possible.

Printing, Display & Output

Gamut Warning

A soft-proofing overlay that flags pixels whose colours the destination profile cannot reproduce.

Files, Metadata & Workflow

Geotagging

Recording the latitude, longitude and sometimes altitude of an image's capture point in its metadata.

degrees
Composition & Visual Design

Gestalt Principles

A set of observations from perceptual psychology describing how the visual system groups separate elements into wholes.

Optics, Lenses & Filters

Ghosting

Distinct secondary images of a bright light source formed by reflections bouncing between lens element surfaces.

Printing, Display & Output

Giclée

A marketing term for a fine-art inkjet print, generally implying pigment inks on archival paper.

Cameras, Formats & Systems

Gimbal Head

A tripod head that supports a long lens at its centre of gravity, letting it swing weightlessly in two axes.

kg (load rating)
Motion, Video & Creative Techniques

Gimbal Stabiliser

A motorised three-axis mount that holds a camera level and steady while the operator moves.

kg (payload)
Cameras, Formats & Systems

Global Shutter

An electronic shutter that starts and stops the exposure for every photosite at exactly the same instant.

seconds
Printing, Display & Output

Gloss Differential

A visible difference in surface sheen between inked and uninked areas of a glossy print.

Printing, Display & Output

Glossy Paper

Paper with a smooth, highly reflective surface that maximises apparent contrast and colour saturation.

Lighting & Flash

Gobo

An opaque cut-out or template placed in a light's beam to cast a shaped pattern onto a subject or background.

Lighting & Flash

Golden Hour

The period shortly after sunrise and before sunset when the sun is low, and its light is warm, soft and strongly directional.

Sun elevation ≈ 0° to 6° degrees (sun elevation)
Composition & Visual Design

Golden Ratio

The proportion of approximately 1:1.618 that has been used in art and architecture as a compositional division.

φ = (1 + √5) / 2 ≈ 1.618 ratio
Composition & Visual Design

Golden Spiral

A logarithmic spiral constructed from golden-ratio rectangles, sometimes overlaid on a frame as a compositional guide.

r = ae^(bθ)
Composition & Visual Design

Golden Triangle

A compositional grid formed by a diagonal across the frame and two perpendicular lines from the remaining corners.

Post-Processing & Retouching

Gradient Mask

A mask that fades an adjustment smoothly along a linear direction, digitally imitating a graduated filter.

Optics, Lenses & Filters

Graduated Neutral Density Filter

A filter that is dark at one end and clear at the other, used to hold back a bright sky while leaving the land unaffected.

stops (EV)
Exposure & Metering

Grey Card

A physical card of known neutral 18 per cent reflectance, held in the subject's light to give both a reliable exposure reading and a white…

% reflectance
Genres, Movements & Theory

Group f/64

A short-lived association of West Coast American photographers formed in 1932 to advocate sharp, unmanipulated photography.

Lighting & Flash

Guide Number

A measure of a flash's power, equal to the product of the correct aperture and the subject distance at a stated ISO.

GN = N × d m at ISO 100