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Focus & Depth of Field

Focus Shift

A movement of the plane of sharpest focus as a lens is stopped down, caused by residual spherical aberration.

mm
Focus & Depth of Field

Focus Stacking

Combining several frames focused at different distances into one image with depth of field no single exposure could achieve.

count
Focus & Depth of Field

Focus Throw

The angle through which a focus ring must turn to travel from minimum distance to infinity.

degrees
Focus & Depth of Field

Focus-by-wire

A manual focus ring that sends an electronic signal to a motor rather than moving the optics mechanically.

Files, Metadata & Workflow

Folder Structure

The hierarchy of directories in which image files are physically stored.

Motion, Video & Creative Techniques

Follow Focus

A geared mechanism that allows focus to be adjusted precisely and repeatably, usually by a second operator.

degrees
Genres, Movements & Theory

Food Photography

Photography of prepared food, for menus, packaging, editorial and cookbooks.

Composition & Visual Design

Foreground Interest

An element placed close to the camera to anchor the composition and establish depth.

Files, Metadata & Workflow

Format Migration

Converting archived files to a current format before the original becomes unreadable.

Sensors & Digital Capture

Foveon Sensor

A sensor that records all three colours at every location by stacking three photodiode layers at different depths in the silicon.

Motion, Video & Creative Techniques

FPV Drone

A first-person-view drone flown through a headset showing the pilot's live camera feed, capable of fast, acrobatic movement.

km/h
Motion, Video & Creative Techniques

Frame Rate

The number of individual frames recorded or played back per second.

fps
Composition & Visual Design

Frame Within a Frame

Using an element in the scene — a doorway, arch, window or overhanging branch — to surround and isolate the subject.

Printing, Display & Output

Framing Glass

The transparent glazing that protects a framed print, available in grades differing in reflection and ultraviolet filtering.

% UV blocked
Motion, Video & Creative Techniques

Freelensing

Detaching a lens from the camera and holding it in front of the mount, tilting it to create selective focus and light leaks.

Post-Processing & Retouching

Frequency Separation

A retouching technique that splits an image into a blurred low-frequency layer of tone and colour and a high-frequency layer of texture.

px (radius)
Focus & Depth of Field

Front Focus

A calibration error in which a lens consistently focuses slightly nearer than the intended subject.

mm
Cameras, Formats & Systems

Full Frame

A sensor the same size as a 35 mm film negative, 36 by 24 millimetres, treated as the reference format for focal length and depth of field.

Crop factor = 1.0 mm
Sensors & Digital Capture

Full-well Capacity

The maximum number of electrons a photosite can hold before it saturates and stops responding to further light.

e⁻ (electrons)