Thermodynamic Equilibrium
The state in which a system's properties no longer change with time and all driving forces are balanced.
Formula / equation
ΔG = 0
Unit
kJ/mol
In depth
Full thermodynamic equilibrium requires thermal, mechanical and chemical equilibrium simultaneously: no temperature gradient, no pressure difference and no net reaction. At equilibrium the system's Gibbs energy is at a minimum and its entropy at a maximum for the given constraints.
Examples in the real world
A sealed bottle of liquid at constant temperature with its vapour, where evaporation and condensation exactly balance.