Search results for “pH”

Gamma Emission Nuclear & Radiochemistry MeV The release of high-energy electromagnetic radiation from a nucleus dropping to a lower energy state. ᴬ_Z X* → ᴬ_Z X + γ

Gangue Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Dimensionless The commercially worthless rock and mineral matter surrounding a valuable ore mineral.

Glycosidic Bond Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry Dimensionless The covalent linkage joining a sugar unit to another molecule through an oxygen bridge. C–O–C

Gray Nuclear & Radiochemistry Gy The SI unit of absorbed radiation dose, equal to one joule of energy deposited per kilogram of matter. 1 Gy = 1 J/kg

Haloalkane Organic Chemistry Dimensionless An alkane in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms. R–X (X = F, Cl, Br, I)

Halogens Atomic Structure & Periodicity Dimensionless The group 17 elements — fluorine through astatine — which are one electron short of a full outer shell. ns² np⁵

HOMO and LUMO Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure eV The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, which together govern a molecule's reactivity and spectroscopy. ΔE = E_LUMO − E_HOMO

Homogeneous Mixture Foundations of Chemistry Dimensionless A mixture whose composition and properties are uniform throughout, with no visible boundary between the components.

Homologous Series Organic Chemistry Dimensionless A family of compounds sharing the same functional group and general formula, with successive members differing by CH₂. differ by −CH₂−

Hydrocarbon Organic Chemistry Dimensionless A compound composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen. CₓH_y

Hyperconjugation Organic Chemistry kJ/mol The stabilising delocalisation of electrons from a sigma C–H bond into an adjacent empty or partly filled p orbital.

Instantaneous Rate Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis mol/(L·s) The rate of a reaction at one particular moment, given by the gradient of the concentration–time curve at that point. rate = d[A]/dt

Ionic Equilibrium Chemical Equilibrium mol/L An equilibrium involving ions in solution, such as the dissociation of weak electrolytes or the dissolution of sparingly soluble salts.

Ionic Product of Water Acids, Bases & Salts mol²/L² The equilibrium constant for the self-ionisation of water, equal to the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations. Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴

Ionising Radiation Nuclear & Radiochemistry eV Radiation with enough energy to remove electrons from atoms, creating ions.

Ion–Dipole Interaction Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure kJ/mol The attraction between an ion and the oppositely charged end of a polar molecule. E ∝ q μ / r²

Isobaric Process Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics J A process carried out at constant pressure. q_p = ΔH

IUPAC Nomenclature of Complexes Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Dimensionless The systematic rules for naming coordination compounds unambiguously.

Ketone Organic Chemistry Dimensionless A compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. R–CO–R′

Latent Heat States of Matter & Gas Laws kJ/kg The energy absorbed or released when a substance changes state, with no accompanying change in temperature. q = m × L

Ligand Field Theory Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry cm⁻¹ The refined bonding model that combines crystal field theory with molecular orbital treatment of metal–ligand covalency.

Lipid Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry Dimensionless A biomolecule that is largely non-polar and therefore insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.

Liquid Crystal States of Matter & Gas Laws Dimensionless A state of matter that flows like a liquid but retains some of the molecular ordering of a crystal.

Lone Pair Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure Dimensionless A pair of valence electrons localised on one atom and not involved in bonding.

Results for “pH”