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Results for “pH”

291 terms · page 4 of 13


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States of Matter & Gas Laws

Melting Point

The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium at a given pressure.

ΔG = 0 at T_m °C
Acids, Bases & Salts

Methyl Orange

An acid–base indicator that is red in acid and yellow in alkali, changing between pH 3.1 and 4.4.

C₁₄H₁₄N₃NaO₃S Dimensionless
Solutions & Colligative Properties

Micelle

A spherical aggregate of surfactant molecules that forms in solution above a characteristic concentration.

mol/L
Solutions & Colligative Properties

Miscibility

The ability of two liquids to mix in all proportions to form a single homogeneous phase.

Dimensionless
Foundations of Chemistry

Mixture

A physical combination of two or more substances that keep their own chemical identities and can be present in any proportion.

Dimensionless
Acids, Bases & Salts

Neutral Salt

A salt whose aqueous solution has a pH of 7 because neither of its ions hydrolyses appreciably.

Dimensionless
Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry

Nucleotide

The monomer of nucleic acids, consisting of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar and a phosphate group.

Dimensionless
Chemical Equilibrium

Partition Coefficient

The equilibrium ratio of a solute's concentrations in two immiscible phases.

P = C₁ / C₂ Dimensionless
Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Plum Pudding Model

J. J. Thomson's 1904 model picturing the atom as a sphere of diffuse positive charge with electrons embedded within it.

Dimensionless
Foundations of Chemistry

Pure Substance

Matter with a fixed chemical composition and a definite set of physical properties, comprising either a single element or a single compound.

Dimensionless
Organic Chemistry

SN1 Reaction

A two-step nucleophilic substitution proceeding through a carbocation intermediate.

rate = k[substrate] s⁻¹
Organic Chemistry

SN2 Reaction

A single-step nucleophilic substitution in which bond formation and bond breaking occur simultaneously.

rate = k[substrate][nucleophile] L/(mol·s)
Chemical Equilibrium

Solvent Extraction Equilibrium

The equilibrium established when a solute is transferred between two immiscible liquid phases in a separating funnel.

efficiency = P V₁ / (P V₁ + V₂) Dimensionless
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Supercritical Fluid

A substance held above both its critical temperature and critical pressure, where liquid and gas phases are indistinguishable.

T > T_c and p > p_c K, Pa
Acids, Bases & Salts

Titration Curve

A plot of pH against the volume of titrant added during an acid–base titration.

Dimensionless
States of Matter & Gas Laws

Triple Point

The unique temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid and vapour phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium.

K, Pa
Acids, Bases & Salts

Acid–Base Indicator

A weak acid or base whose conjugate forms have distinctly different colours, used to signal the end point of a titration.

HIn ⇌ H⁺ + In⁻ Dimensionless
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis

Adsorption

The accumulation of molecules of a gas or liquid on the surface of a solid.

mol/g
Solutions & Colligative Properties

Aerosol

A colloidal system in which solid or liquid particles are dispersed in a gas.

nm
Organic Chemistry

Aldehyde

A compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, so it lies at the end of a chain.

R–CHO Dimensionless
Organic Chemistry

Aldol Condensation

The base-catalysed reaction of two carbonyl compounds to give a beta-hydroxy carbonyl, which often dehydrates to an enone.

2RCH₂CHO → RCH₂CH(OH)CHRCHO Dimensionless
Organic Chemistry

Alkene

An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon double bond.

CₙH₂ₙ Dimensionless
Organic Chemistry

Amine

A compound derived from ammonia by replacing one or more hydrogens with alkyl or aryl groups.

R–NH₂, R₂NH, R₃N Dimensionless
Organic Chemistry

Arene

An aromatic hydrocarbon containing one or more benzene rings.

CₙH₂ₙ₋₆ Dimensionless