Terms starting with O
26 terms · page 1 of 2
Octahedral Geometry
A shape with six bonded atoms at the vertices of a regular octahedron, all bond angles being 90° or 180°.
Inorganic & Coordination ChemistryOctahedral Splitting
The division of the five d orbitals into a lower t₂g set of three and an upper e_g set of two under an octahedral ligand field.
Chemical Bonding & Molecular StructureOctet Rule
The observation that atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons.
Chemical Bonding & Molecular StructureOdd-Electron Molecule
A species containing an unpaired electron, so that its total electron count is odd and no octet structure is possible.
Thermochemistry & ThermodynamicsOpen System
A system that can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings.
Organic ChemistryOptical Activity
The ability of a substance to rotate the plane of polarised light passing through it.
Organic ChemistryOptical Isomerism
Stereoisomerism in which molecules are non-superimposable mirror images and rotate plane-polarised light in opposite directions.
Inorganic & Coordination ChemistryOptical Isomerism in Complexes
The existence of non-superimposable mirror-image forms of a coordination compound.
Chemical EquilibriumOptimum Conditions for Industrial Yield
The compromise set of temperature, pressure and catalyst chosen to balance equilibrium yield against reaction rate and cost.
Chemical Kinetics & CatalysisOrder of Reaction
The power to which the concentration of a given reactant is raised in the experimentally determined rate law.
Inorganic & Coordination ChemistryOre
A naturally occurring mineral deposit from which a metal can be extracted profitably.
Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry
The study of the structure, properties, composition and reactions of carbon-containing compounds.
Inorganic & Coordination ChemistryOrganometallic Compound
A compound containing at least one direct bond between a metal and a carbon atom.
Solutions & Colligative PropertiesOsmosis
The net movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute to a concentrated solution.
Solutions & Colligative PropertiesOsmotic Pressure
The external pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane.
Acids, Bases & SaltsOstwald's Dilution Law
The relation showing how the degree of ionisation of a weak electrolyte increases on dilution.
Analytical Chemistry & SpectroscopyOutlier Test
A statistical procedure for deciding whether a suspect result differs enough from the others to be rejected.
Chemical EquilibriumOverall Formation Constant
The equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex directly from the free metal ion and all its ligands.
Chemical Kinetics & CatalysisOverall Order
The sum of the individual orders with respect to every reactant appearing in the rate law.
Electrochemistry & RedoxOverpotential
The extra voltage beyond the theoretical value that must be applied before an electrode reaction proceeds at a useful rate.
Electrochemistry & RedoxOxidation
The loss of electrons by a species, accompanied by an increase in its oxidation number.
Electrochemistry & RedoxOxidation Number
The hypothetical charge an atom would carry if all its bonds were treated as fully ionic.
Stoichiometry & Chemical ReactionsOxidation Number Method
A technique for balancing redox equations by equating the total increase and decrease in oxidation numbers.
Organic ChemistryOxidation of Alcohols
The conversion of alcohols to carbonyl compounds or carboxylic acids by removal of hydrogen.