Optimum Conditions for Industrial Yield
The compromise set of temperature, pressure and catalyst chosen to balance equilibrium yield against reaction rate and cost.
Unit
Various
In depth
Thermodynamics and kinetics usually pull in opposite directions for exothermic industrial reactions: low temperature gives high yield but an unacceptably slow rate. The practical solution is a moderate temperature with an effective catalyst, plus product removal and reactant recycling.
Examples in the real world
The Haber process runs at about 450 °C and 200 atm with an iron catalyst, recycling unreacted gases.