Chemistry terms starting with G

Galvanic Cell Electrochemistry & Redox V An electrochemical cell in which a spontaneous redox reaction generates electrical energy. E°cell > 0

Galvanic Corrosion Electrochemistry & Redox mm/year Accelerated corrosion of the more reactive of two different metals in electrical contact within an electrolyte.

Galvanisation Electrochemistry & Redox μm The coating of iron or steel with a layer of zinc to protect it from corrosion.

Gamma Emission Nuclear & Radiochemistry MeV The release of high-energy electromagnetic radiation from a nucleus dropping to a lower energy state. ᴬ_Z X* → ᴬ_Z X + γ

Gangue Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Dimensionless The commercially worthless rock and mineral matter surrounding a valuable ore mineral.

Gas Chromatography Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy min A technique for separating volatile compounds carried by an inert gas through a heated column.

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy Dimensionless A hybrid technique in which compounds separated by gas chromatography are identified by a mass spectrometer.

Gas Density States of Matter & Gas Laws g/L The mass of a gas per unit volume, which for a gas depends strongly on temperature, pressure and molar mass. ρ = pM / RT

Gaseous State States of Matter & Gas Laws Dimensionless The state of matter in which particles are widely separated and move randomly at high speed, filling any container completely. pV = nRT

Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions L The principle that gases react in volume ratios that are simple whole numbers, when measured at the same temperature and pressure. V_A : V_B = a : b

Gay-Lussac's Pressure Law States of Matter & Gas Laws Pa/K At constant volume, the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. p₁ / T₁ = p₂ / T₂

Geiger–Müller Counter Nuclear & Radiochemistry counts/s An instrument that detects ionising radiation through the avalanche of ionisation it triggers in a low-pressure gas.

Gel Solutions & Colligative Properties Dimensionless A colloidal system in which a liquid is trapped within a continuous three-dimensional solid network.

Genetic Code Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry Dimensionless The set of rules by which sequences of three bases in nucleic acid specify particular amino acids. 64 codons → 20 amino acids

Geometric Isomerism Organic Chemistry Dimensionless Stereoisomerism arising from restricted rotation about a double bond or within a ring. cis / trans or E / Z

Geometrical Isomerism in Complexes Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Dimensionless Stereoisomerism arising from different spatial arrangements of ligands around the metal centre. cis / trans, fac / mer

Gibbs Free Energy Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics kJ/mol The thermodynamic potential whose change determines whether a process is spontaneous at constant temperature and pressure. ΔG = ΔH − TΔS

Gibbs–Helmholtz Equation Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics kJ/mol The relation showing how the Gibbs free energy of a system varies with temperature. (∂(ΔG/T)/∂T)_p = −ΔH/T²

Glass Electrode Electrochemistry & Redox V An ion-selective electrode whose thin glass membrane develops a potential proportional to the pH of the solution. E = constant − 0.0592 pH

Glucose Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry g/mol The most abundant monosaccharide and the primary energy source for most living cells. C₆H₁₂O₆

Glycogen Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry Dimensionless The storage polysaccharide of animals, a highly branched polymer of glucose. (C₆H₁₀O₅)ₙ

Glycolysis Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry kJ/mol The ten-step metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose into two of pyruvate. C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₃H₄O₃ + 2ATP + 2NADH

Glycosidic Bond Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry Dimensionless The covalent linkage joining a sugar unit to another molecule through an oxygen bridge. C–O–C

Graham's Law of Diffusion States of Matter & Gas Laws Dimensionless The rate at which a gas diffuses or effuses is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. r₁ / r₂ = √(M₂ / M₁)

Terms starting with G