Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
10 terms
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
J/K
The total entropy of the universe increases in every spontaneous process.
ΔS_universe > 0
Specific Heat Capacity
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
J/(kg·K)
The heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one kelvin.
c = q / (mΔT)
Spontaneity
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
kJ/mol
The tendency of a process to occur without any continuous external input of energy.
ΔG < 0
Standard Enthalpy of Combustion
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
kJ/mol
The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance burns completely in excess oxygen under standard conditions.
ΔH_c°
Standard Enthalpy of Formation
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
kJ/mol
The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound forms from its elements in their standard states.
ΔH_f°
Standard Molar Entropy
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
J/(mol·K)
The absolute entropy of one mole of a substance in its standard state at 298 K.
ΔS° = ΣS°(products) − ΣS°(reactants)
Standard State
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
Dimensionless
The reference condition of a pure substance at 1 bar pressure and a stated temperature, conventionally 298.15 K.
denoted by °
State Function
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
Various
A property whose value depends only on the current state of the system, not on how that state was reached.
ΔX = X_final − X_initial
Surroundings
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
Dimensionless
Everything outside the chosen system with which it can exchange energy or matter.
System
Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
Dimensionless
The specific part of the universe chosen for thermodynamic study, separated from everything else by a real or imaginary boundary.