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Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

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Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Effervescence

The rapid escape of gas bubbles from a liquid during a chemical reaction.

Dimensionless Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Elimination Reaction

A reaction in which two substituents are removed from adjacent atoms, generating a multiple bond.

R–CH₂–CHX–R → R–CH=CH–R + HX Dimensionless Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Endothermic Reaction

A reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings, giving a positive enthalpy change.

ΔH > 0 kJ/mol Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Equivalent Weight

The mass of a substance that combines with or displaces 1.008 g of hydrogen, 8 g of oxygen or one mole of electrons.

E = M / n-factor g/equiv Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Esterification

The acid-catalysed condensation of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester and water.

RCOOH + R′OH ⇌ RCOOR′ + H₂O Dimensionless Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Excess Reagent

A reactant present in a greater amount than is needed to consume the limiting reagent completely.

n_excess = n_initial − n_reacted mol Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions

Exothermic Reaction

A reaction that releases energy to the surroundings, giving a negative enthalpy change.

ΔH < 0 kJ/mol