States of Matter & Gas Laws
60 terms · page 2 of 3
Frenkel Defect
A point defect in which an ion leaves its lattice site and lodges in a nearby interstitial position.
States of Matter & Gas LawsGas Density
The mass of a gas per unit volume, which for a gas depends strongly on temperature, pressure and molar mass.
States of Matter & Gas LawsGaseous State
The state of matter in which particles are widely separated and move randomly at high speed, filling any container completely.
States of Matter & Gas LawsGay-Lussac's Pressure Law
At constant volume, the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
States of Matter & Gas LawsGraham's Law of Diffusion
The rate at which a gas diffuses or effuses is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.
States of Matter & Gas LawsHexagonal Close Packing
A close-packed arrangement in which layers of spheres repeat in an ABAB sequence.
States of Matter & Gas LawsIdeal Gas
A hypothetical gas whose particles have zero volume and exert no intermolecular forces, obeying pV = nRT exactly at all conditions.
States of Matter & Gas LawsIdeal Gas Law
The equation of state relating the pressure, volume, amount and absolute temperature of an ideal gas.
States of Matter & Gas LawsInterstitial Void
An empty space between the packed spheres of a crystal lattice, capable of hosting a smaller ion or atom.
States of Matter & Gas LawsIsomorphism
The property of two or more different substances crystallising in the same structural form.
States of Matter & Gas LawsJoule–Thomson Effect
The temperature change of a real gas when it expands through a throttle without exchanging heat or doing external work.
States of Matter & Gas LawsKinetic Molecular Theory
The model that explains gas behaviour in terms of large numbers of tiny particles in constant random motion.
States of Matter & Gas LawsLatent Heat
The energy absorbed or released when a substance changes state, with no accompanying change in temperature.
States of Matter & Gas LawsLiquefaction of Gases
The conversion of a gas into a liquid by cooling below its critical temperature and applying pressure.
States of Matter & Gas LawsLiquid Crystal
A state of matter that flows like a liquid but retains some of the molecular ordering of a crystal.
States of Matter & Gas LawsLiquid State
The state of matter with a definite volume but no fixed shape, in which particles are close together yet free to move past one another.
States of Matter & Gas LawsMaxwell–Boltzmann Distribution
The statistical distribution describing how molecular speeds are spread within a gas at a given temperature.
States of Matter & Gas LawsMelting Point
The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium at a given pressure.
States of Matter & Gas LawsPacking Efficiency
The percentage of the total volume of a unit cell that is actually occupied by the constituent particles.
States of Matter & Gas LawsPartial Pressure
The pressure that one component of a gas mixture would exert if it alone occupied the whole volume.
States of Matter & Gas LawsPhase Diagram
A pressure–temperature plot showing which phase of a substance is thermodynamically stable under any given conditions.
States of Matter & Gas LawsPlasma
A state of matter consisting of a hot, electrically conducting mixture of ions and free electrons.
States of Matter & Gas LawsPolymorphism
The ability of a single substance to exist in more than one crystalline form.
States of Matter & Gas LawsReal Gas
An actual gas whose behaviour deviates from the ideal gas law because its molecules occupy volume and attract one another.