Organic Chemistry
60 terms · page 2 of 3
Electrophilic Substitution
A reaction in which an electrophile replaces a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring.
Organic ChemistryEnantiomer
One of a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.
Organic ChemistryEster
A compound formed by replacing the acidic hydrogen of a carboxylic acid with an alkyl group.
Organic ChemistryEther
A compound in which an oxygen atom is bonded to two carbon atoms.
Organic ChemistryFree Radical
A highly reactive species containing an unpaired electron.
Organic ChemistryFriedel–Crafts Reaction
The introduction of an alkyl or acyl group onto an aromatic ring using a Lewis acid catalyst.
Organic ChemistryFunctional Group
An atom or group of atoms within a molecule that determines its characteristic chemical behaviour.
Organic ChemistryFunctional Group Isomerism
Structural isomerism in which compounds of the same formula contain entirely different functional groups.
Organic ChemistryGeometric Isomerism
Stereoisomerism arising from restricted rotation about a double bond or within a ring.
Organic ChemistryGrignard Reagent
An organomagnesium halide that acts as a source of a carbanion-like nucleophilic carbon.
Organic ChemistryHaloalkane
An alkane in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms.
Organic ChemistryHomologous Series
A family of compounds sharing the same functional group and general formula, with successive members differing by CH₂.
Organic ChemistryHydrocarbon
A compound composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen.
Organic ChemistryHyperconjugation
The stabilising delocalisation of electrons from a sigma C–H bond into an adjacent empty or partly filled p orbital.
Organic ChemistryHückel's Rule
The rule that a planar cyclic conjugated system is aromatic if it contains 4n + 2 pi electrons.
Organic ChemistryInductive Effect
The permanent polarisation of a sigma bond caused by the differing electronegativity of the attached atoms.
Organic ChemistryIsomerism
The existence of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.
Organic ChemistryKetone
A compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms.
Organic ChemistryMarkovnikov's Rule
In the addition of a protic acid to an unsymmetrical alkene, the hydrogen attaches to the carbon already bearing more hydrogens.
Organic ChemistryNitrile
A compound containing a carbon–nitrogen triple bond.
Organic ChemistryNucleophile
An electron-rich species that donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
Organic ChemistryNucleophilic Substitution
A reaction in which a nucleophile replaces a leaving group attached to a saturated carbon.
Organic ChemistryOptical Activity
The ability of a substance to rotate the plane of polarised light passing through it.
Organic ChemistryOptical Isomerism
Stereoisomerism in which molecules are non-superimposable mirror images and rotate plane-polarised light in opposite directions.