Foundations of Chemistry
60 terms · page 1 of 3
Accuracy
The closeness of a measured value to the true or accepted value of the quantity being measured.
Foundations of ChemistryAllotropy
The existence of an element in two or more distinct structural forms within the same physical state.
Foundations of ChemistryAnhydrous
Describing a substance from which all water, including water of crystallisation, has been removed.
Foundations of ChemistryAnion
A negatively charged ion produced when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons.
Foundations of ChemistryAtom
The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical identity of that element.
Foundations of ChemistryAtomic Mass Unit
A mass unit defined as exactly one twelfth the mass of a free, unbound carbon-12 atom in its ground state.
Foundations of ChemistryAtomicity
The number of atoms present in one molecule of an element.
Foundations of ChemistryAvogadro's Number
The number of elementary entities in one mole of substance, fixed by definition at 6.02214076 × 10²³ mol⁻¹.
Foundations of ChemistryCation
A positively charged ion produced when an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons.
Foundations of ChemistryCentrifugation
A separation technique that uses rapid rotation to generate an effective gravitational field, forcing denser components to the bottom of a…
Foundations of ChemistryChemical Change
A change in which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged into new substances with different properties.
Foundations of ChemistryChemical Formula
A symbolic notation that states which elements a substance contains and in what proportions, using element symbols and subscripts.
Foundations of ChemistryChemical Property
A characteristic that describes how a substance transforms into a different substance, observable only during a chemical reaction.
Foundations of ChemistryChemical Symbol
The one-, two- or three-letter abbreviation used internationally to represent an element.
Foundations of ChemistryCompound
A pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine chemically in a fixed, whole-number mass ratio.
Foundations of ChemistryCrystallisation
A purification technique in which a solid is separated from solution as an ordered crystalline lattice.
Foundations of ChemistryDalton's Atomic Theory
The 1808 model proposing that elements consist of indivisible atoms that are identical within an element and combine in fixed whole-number…
Foundations of ChemistryDecantation
The separation of a liquid from a settled solid or a denser immiscible liquid by carefully pouring off the upper layer.
Foundations of ChemistryDeliquescence
The property of a solid that absorbs enough water vapour from the air to dissolve completely in the water it takes up.
Foundations of ChemistryDensity
The mass of a substance contained in a unit volume, a characteristic intensive property of each material.
Foundations of ChemistryDimensional Analysis
A calculation method that tracks and cancels units through a chain of conversion factors to reach the required quantity.
Foundations of ChemistryDistillation
A separation technique that exploits differences in volatility by vaporising a liquid and condensing the vapour in a separate vessel.
Foundations of ChemistryElement
A pure substance composed entirely of atoms that share the same atomic number and therefore cannot be split into simpler substances by…
Foundations of ChemistryEmpirical Formula
The chemical formula giving the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.