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Chemical Equilibrium

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Chemical Equilibrium

Selective Precipitation

The separation of ions from a mixture by adding a reagent that precipitates them one at a time.

mol/L
Chemical Equilibrium

Simultaneous Equilibria

Several equilibria existing together in the same solution, all satisfied at once.

mol/L
Chemical Equilibrium

Solubility and Ksp Relationship

The mathematical link between molar solubility and the solubility product of a salt.

Ksp = n^n m^m s^(m+n) mol/L
Chemical Equilibrium

Solubility Product

The equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a sparingly soluble ionic solid into its constituent ions.

Ksp = [A⁺]^m[B⁻]^n Various
Chemical Equilibrium

Solvent Extraction Equilibrium

The equilibrium established when a solute is transferred between two immiscible liquid phases in a separating funnel.

efficiency = P V₁ / (P V₁ + V₂) Dimensionless
Chemical Equilibrium

Stability Constant

The equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex ion from its metal ion and ligands.

K = [MLₙ] / ([M][L]ⁿ) Various
Chemical Equilibrium

Static Equilibrium

A state of no change in which the opposing processes have genuinely ceased rather than balancing.

Dimensionless
Chemical Equilibrium

Stepwise Formation Constant

The equilibrium constant for the addition of one further ligand to a partially formed complex.

K₁, K₂, K₃ … Various