Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
60 terms · page 3 of 3
Sigma Bond
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
kJ/mol
A covalent bond formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals, with electron density concentrated along the internuclear axis.
sp Hybridisation
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
degrees
The mixing of one s and one p orbital to give two linear hybrid orbitals at 180° to each other.
2 hybrids, 180°
sp² Hybridisation
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
degrees
The mixing of one s and two p orbitals to give three hybrid orbitals in a plane at 120° to each other.
3 hybrids, 120°
sp³ Hybridisation
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
degrees
The mixing of one s and three p orbitals to give four hybrid orbitals directed towards the corners of a tetrahedron.
4 hybrids, 109.5°
sp³d and sp³d² Hybridisation
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
degrees
Hybridisation schemes involving d orbitals that give five trigonal bipyramidal or six octahedral hybrid orbitals.
5 or 6 hybrids
Tetrahedral Geometry
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
degrees
A molecular shape with four bonded atoms directed to the corners of a regular tetrahedron at 109.5°.
AX₄
Three-Centre Two-Electron Bond
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
kJ/mol
A bond in which a single pair of electrons is shared between three atoms rather than two.
A···H···B
Trigonal Bipyramidal Geometry
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
degrees
A shape with five bonded atoms occupying three equatorial and two axial positions around a central atom.
AX₅
Trigonal Planar Geometry
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
degrees
A flat molecular shape with three bonded atoms arranged around a central atom at 120°.
AX₃
Valence Bond Theory
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
Dimensionless
The bonding model in which a covalent bond forms by the overlap of half-filled atomic orbitals on adjacent atoms.
Van der Waals Forces
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
kJ/mol
The collective name for the weak attractive forces between molecules arising from dipole interactions.
E ∝ 1 / r⁶
VSEPR Theory
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
Dimensionless
The model that predicts molecular shape by arranging valence electron pairs around a central atom so their mutual repulsion is minimised.
AXₘEₙ notation