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Acids, Bases & Salts

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Acids, Bases & Salts

pH

The negative logarithm to base ten of the hydrogen ion concentration, measuring the acidity of a solution.

pH = −log[H⁺] Dimensionless Acids, Bases & Salts

pH Scale

The conventional scale, usually running from 0 to 14, on which the acidity or alkalinity of aqueous solutions is expressed.

0 (acidic) – 7 (neutral) – 14 (alkaline) Dimensionless Acids, Bases & Salts

Phenolphthalein

An acid–base indicator that is colourless in acid and pink in alkaline solution, changing between pH 8.3 and 10.0.

C₂₀H₁₄O₄ Dimensionless Acids, Bases & Salts

pKa

The negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant, giving a convenient scale of acid strength.

pKa = −log Ka Dimensionless Acids, Bases & Salts

pKb

The negative logarithm of the base dissociation constant.

pKb = −log Kb Dimensionless Acids, Bases & Salts

pOH

The negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration.

pOH = −log[OH⁻]; pH + pOH = 14 Dimensionless Acids, Bases & Salts

Polyprotic Acid

An acid capable of donating more than one proton per molecule.

H₂A ⇌ H⁺ + HA⁻ ⇌ 2H⁺ + A²⁻ mol/L Acids, Bases & Salts

Proton Affinity

The energy released when a gaseous species accepts a proton, measuring intrinsic basicity free of solvent effects.

B(g) + H⁺(g) → BH⁺(g) kJ/mol