Stock market terms starting with S

Scalping Market Basics & Instruments ₹ Trading for very small price increments many times a day, holding each position for seconds to minutes. Net Profit per Trade = Gross Price Movement Captured - Round-Trip Transaction Costs

Scheme Categorisation Funds, ETFs & Index Investing qualitative SEBI's framework defining standard mutual fund categories with mandated investment characteristics. Test: the scheme's holdings satisfy the allocation and eligibility rules prescribed for its declared category

Scheme of Arrangement Corporate Actions, Dividends & Governance qualitative A court-supervised process under company law for restructuring a company's capital, mergers, demergers or compromises with creditors. Test: the scheme is approved by the required majorities of shareholders and creditors and sanctioned by the National Company Law Tribunal

SCORES Indian Market, Regulation & Taxation qualitative SEBI's online complaint redress system, through which investors lodge and track grievances against market intermediaries. Test: the complaint concerns a SEBI-registered intermediary or listed company and is filed on the SCORES platform after approaching the entity directly

SEBI Indian Market, Regulation & Taxation qualitative The Securities and Exchange Board of India, the statutory regulator of India's securities markets. Test: the entity or activity falls within the securities market, bringing it under SEBI's registration, disclosure and enforcement powers

SEBI Act Indian Market, Regulation & Taxation qualitative The 1992 statute that established SEBI as a statutory body and set out its powers over the securities market. Test: the matter falls within the Act's scope, giving SEBI powers of registration, inspection, investigation, penalty and adjudication

Secondary Market Market Basics & Instruments qualitative The market in which already-issued securities are traded between investors, with no money flowing to the issuer. Test: both counterparties are investors and the issuer is not a party to the trade

Section 80C Indian Market, Regulation & Taxation ₹ The Income Tax Act provision allowing a deduction for specified investments and payments, capped at ₹1.5 lakh a year. Tax Saved = Amount Invested (up to ₹1.5 lakh) x Applicable Marginal Tax Rate

Sector Rotation Economy, Macro & Market Cycles qualitative The tendency for different sectors to lead at different points in the economic cycle, and strategies that attempt to follow it. Test: relative performance shifts systematically between cyclical, defensive and rate-sensitive sectors as conditions change

Sectoral Fund Funds, ETFs & Index Investing qualitative An equity fund that invests at least 80% of its assets in companies from a single sector. Test: minimum 80% allocation to one defined sector, such as banking, pharmaceuticals or technology

Securities Appellate Tribunal Indian Market, Regulation & Taxation qualitative The statutory tribunal that hears appeals against orders of SEBI and certain other financial regulators. Test: an appeal is filed against an order of SEBI, an exchange, a depository, the pension regulator or the insurance regulator, within the prescribed period

Securities Lending and Borrowing Indian Market, Regulation & Taxation % An exchange-regulated mechanism through which securities are lent for a fee and returned on a set date. Lending Fee = Lending Rate x Value of Securities Lent x (Days Lent / 365)

Securities Premium Financial Statements & Accounting ₹ crore The reserve holding the amount received on share issues in excess of face value. Securities Premium = (Issue Price - Face Value) x Number of Shares Issued

Securities Transaction Tax Indian Market, Regulation & Taxation % A tax levied on the value of transactions in securities on Indian exchanges. STT = Transaction Value x Applicable Rate, which differs by segment and by whether the leg is a buy or a sell

Security Market Basics & Instruments qualitative A tradable financial instrument representing ownership, a creditor relationship, or a right relating to either. Test: the instrument is transferable, is issued in standardised units, and represents ownership, debt, or a right over one of these

Segment Reporting Financial Statements & Accounting qualitative Disclosure of revenue, results and assets broken down by the business or geographic segments management uses to run the company. Test: segments are reported on the basis used internally by the chief operating decision maker, above prescribed size thresholds

Self-Attribution Bias Market Psychology & Behavioural Finance qualitative The tendency to credit successes to one's own skill and failures to external circumstances. Test: favourable outcomes are attributed internally and unfavourable ones externally, regardless of the actual process quality

Sensex Indian Market, Regulation & Taxation index points The BSE's benchmark index of 30 large Indian companies, weighted by free-float market capitalisation. Index Value = (Current Free-Float Market Capitalisation of Constituents / Base Market Capitalisation) x Base Value

Settlement Cycle Orders, Execution & Market Structure days The number of trading days between a trade's execution and the actual exchange of securities and money. Settlement Date = Trade Date + N trading days, where N is 1 for the Indian T+1 equity cycle

Share Market Basics & Instruments shares A single unit of ownership in a company, giving its holder a proportional claim on the company's profits and on whatever is left over if the company is wound up. Ownership fraction = Shares Held / Total Shares Outstanding

Share Buyback Corporate Actions, Dividends & Governance ₹ crore A company purchasing its own shares from shareholders, reducing the share count. Post-Buyback EPS = Net Profit / (Shares Outstanding - Shares Bought Back)

Share Capital Financial Statements & Accounting ₹ crore The portion of shareholders' funds representing the face value of shares issued and paid up. Paid-Up Share Capital = Face Value per Share x Number of Shares Issued and Paid Up

Shareholder Market Basics & Instruments qualitative A person or institution that owns shares in a company and therefore holds part of its ownership. Test: the holder's name appears in the register of members, or in a depository account holding the shares, as of the relevant record date

Shareholders' Equity Financial Statements & Accounting ₹ crore The owners' claim on the company in the accounts, equal to share capital plus accumulated reserves. Shareholders' Equity = Share Capital + Reserves and Surplus = Total Assets - Total Liabilities

Terms starting with S