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Foundations of Physics

Order of Magnitude

An exponential estimate of the size of a quantity, expressed as the power of ten closest to the numerical value.

Governing formula 10^n
SI unit Dimensionless

In depth

Orders of magnitude provide rapid comparative scale checks (Fermi estimates) without requiring detailed computation. A factor of 10 difference represents one order of magnitude.

Examples in the real world

The observable universe diameter (~10²⁶ m) is 41 orders of magnitude larger than a proton radius (~10⁻¹⁵ m).