Hall Effect
The production of a transverse electric potential difference (Hall voltage) across a current-carrying conductor in an orthogonal magnetic field.
Governing formula
V_H = (I B) / (n q t), R_H = 1 / (n q)
SI unit
V (Hall Voltage), m³/C (Hall Coefficient)
In depth
The Lorentz force deflects moving charge carriers toward one edge of the conductor until the transverse electric field balances the magnetic force, revealing charge carrier density n and carrier sign.
Examples in the real world
Hall effect magnetic field sensors used in automotive wheel speed anti-lock brake systems and contactless current clamps.