MOSFET
A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor that uses an insulated gate voltage to control current flow through an underlying semiconductor channel.
Governing formula
I_D = ½ μ_n C_ox (W/L) (V_GS - V_th)²
SI unit
A (Current)
In depth
Because the gate is isolated by a thin silicon dioxide dielectric layer, MOSFETs draw virtually zero DC gate current, making them ideal for low-power digital microprocessors and high-speed power switching.
Examples in the real world
Billions of CMOS transistors inside modern smartphone microchips, graphics processors (GPUs), and high-efficiency motor controllers.