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Thermodynamics & Statistical Physics

Critical Point

The endpoint of a phase equilibrium curve in a P-T phase diagram where coexisting liquid and vapor phases become indistinguishable.

Governing formula (∂P/∂V)_T = 0, (∂²P/∂V²)_T = 0
SI unit Pa, K

In depth

Above critical temperature $T_c$ and critical pressure $P_c$, the distinction between liquid and gas disappears, forming a single supercritical fluid phase.

Examples in the real world

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ($T_c = 31.1^°C, P_c = 73.9 atm$) used for decaffeinating coffee beans.