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Nuclear & Particle Physics

Nuclear Fusion

A nuclear reaction in which two light atomic nuclei collide and combine to form a single heavier nucleus, releasing vast amounts of energy.

²₁H + ³₁H → ⁴₂He + ¹₀n + 17.6 MeV MeV (Mega-electronvolts)
Nuclear & Particle Physics

Nuclear Reactor

An engineered facility in which a controlled self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction is maintained to generate thermal energy for electrical…

Multiplication Factor k = Neutrons in generation (i+1) / Neutrons in generation i MWth or MWe (Power Capacity)
Nuclear & Particle Physics

Nuclear Shell Model

A quantum nuclear model describing nuclear energy levels in terms of individual nucleons moving inside a central potential well with strong…

Magic Numbers: 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126 Quantized Energy Shells
Nuclear & Particle Physics

Nuclear Stability

A measure of a nuclide's resistance to spontaneous radioactive decay, determined by the balance between nuclear strong attraction and…

N/Z ≈ 1 (for light nuclei), N/Z ≈ 1.5 (for heavy nuclei) Dimensionless N/Z Ratio
Foundations of Physics

Null Vector

A vector having zero magnitude and an arbitrary or indeterminate direction.

0 = 0i + 0j + 0k Various
Mathematical & Computational Physics

Numerical Linear Algebra

The subfield of numerical analysis studying algorithms for performing matrix operations efficiently and accurately on digital computers.

LU: A = L U, QR: A = Q R, SVD: A = U Σ V^T Matrix Factorization Algorithms
Mathematical & Computational Physics

Numerical Stability

The property of a numerical algorithm ensuring that errors introduced during computation do not magnify uncontrollably over successive time…

Von Neumann Stability Analysis: |G(k, Δt)| ≤ 1 Algorithm Stability Property
Geophysics & Environmental Physics

Nutation

Small periodic nodding oscillations superimposed upon Earth's long-term rotational axis precession.

Principal Nutation Period T = 18.6 years, Amplitude = 9.2″ Arcseconds (17.2″ in longitude, 9.2″ in obliquity)