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Quantum & Atomic Physics

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Quantum & Atomic Physics

Fermi Energy

The highest occupied kinetic energy state of non-interacting fermions in a quantum system at absolute zero temperature (0 K).

E_F = (ℏ² / (2 m)) (3 π² n)^(2/3) eV or Joules
Quantum & Atomic Physics

Fermions

Subatomic particles possessing half-integer intrinsic spin that obey Fermi-Dirac statistics and the Pauli Exclusion Principle.

Spin = ½, ³/₂, ⁵/₂... Dimensionless Particle Class
Quantum & Atomic Physics

Fine Structure

The small splitting of atomic spectral lines resulting from relativistic mass corrections and spin-orbit coupling.

E_fine ~ α² E_n, α ≈ 1 / 137 eV (Energy Splitting)
Quantum & Atomic Physics

Finite Potential Well

A quantum potential well model with barriers of finite energy height V₀.

V(x) = V₀ for |x| > a, V(x) = 0 for |x| ≤ a eV or Joules
Quantum & Atomic Physics

Fluorescence

The rapid absorption of light at a shorter wavelength followed by immediate emission of light at a longer wavelength.

h ν_emitted < h ν_absorbed (Stokes Shift) Nanoseconds (Lifetime)
Quantum & Atomic Physics

Franck-Hertz Experiment

An influential 1914 physics experiment that directly demonstrated the existence of quantized discrete energy states in mercury atoms.

E_loss = h ν = 4.9 eV (for Mercury vapor) eV (Electron-Volts)