Fermions
Subatomic particles possessing half-integer intrinsic spin that obey Fermi-Dirac statistics and the Pauli Exclusion Principle.
Governing formula
Spin = ½, ³/₂, ⁵/₂...
SI unit
Dimensionless Particle Class
In depth
Fermions possess anti-symmetric wave functions under particle exchange (Ψ(1,2) = -Ψ(2,1)). Matter particles (electrons, protons, neutrons, quarks, neutrinos) are all fermions, giving matter its volume and structural stability.
Examples in the real world
Electrons in atoms preventing spatial overlap, creating atomic shell structure and chemical bonding.