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Condensed Matter & Materials Physics

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Condensed Matter & Materials Physics

P-type Semiconductor

An extrinsic semiconductor in which trivalent acceptor impurities create an excess concentration of positive holes as majority charge…

p ≈ N_A ≫ n, n p = n_i² cm⁻³ (Hole Concentration)
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics

Peltier Effect

The absorption or emission of heat at the junction of two dissimilar electrical conductors when an electric current flows across it.

Q_rate = Π_AB I = (S_A - S_B) T I W (Cooling / Heating Rate)
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics

Phonon

A quantized collective vibrational wave excitation traveling through the periodic atomic or molecular lattice of a solid.

E = (n + ½) ℏ ω, p_crystal = ℏ q eV or J (Phonon Energy)
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics

Piezoelectric Effect

The generation of electric polarization charge in non-centrosymmetric crystals when subjected to mechanical stress (and vice versa).

Direct: P_i = d_ijk σ_jk; Reverse: ε_jk = d_ijk E_i C/N or m/V (Piezoelectric Coefficient d)
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics

Poisson's Ratio

The ratio of transverse lateral strain to axial longitudinal strain in a material subjected to uniaxial stress.

ν = -ε_transverse / ε_axial = -(Δd / d₀) / (ΔL / L₀) Dimensionless Ratio (-1 to 0.5)
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics

Polaron

A composite quasiparticle consisting of a conduction electron (or hole) bound together with its surrounding self-induced lattice…

m*_polaron = m* (1 + α_coupling / 6) Quasiparticle Mass