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Biophysics & Medical Physics

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Biophysics & Medical Physics

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A non-invasive medical imaging modality utilizing powerful magnetic fields, radiofrequency (RF) pulses, and nuclear magnetic resonance…

Larmor Frequency ν₀ = (γ / 2π) B₀ (γ_proton ≈ 42.58 MHz/T) Tesla B₀ (~1.5–3.0 T) & MHz
Biophysics & Medical Physics

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

A non-invasive functional neuroimaging technique mapping brain activity by measuring weak magnetic fields produced by neuronal electric…

Magnetic Field B ~ 10–100 fT (10⁻¹⁵ Tesla) fT (Femtoteslas = 10⁻¹⁵ T)
Biophysics & Medical Physics

Medical Lasers

Laser devices engineered for surgical cutting, tissue coagulation, and photomedical treatments exploiting specific light-tissue absorption…

Selective Photothermolysis: Laser Pulse Duration ≤ Thermal Relaxation Time τ_r W or J/cm² (Fluence)
Biophysics & Medical Physics

Medical Linear Accelerator (LINAC)

A high-energy medical accelerator generating megavoltage X-ray photon or electron beams for external beam radiation cancer therapy.

RF Cavity Electron Acceleration to 6–18 MeV → Bremsstrahlung X-Rays MV (Megavoltage Photon Beams 6–18 MV)
Biophysics & Medical Physics

Medical Ultrasound

A non-invasive diagnostic imaging modality using high-frequency acoustic waves (2–15 MHz) to image soft tissue reflection interfaces.

R = ((Z₂ - Z₁) / (Z₂ + Z₁))², Z = ρ c (Acoustic Impedance) MHz (Frequency 2–15 MHz) & MRayl (Acoustic Impedance)
Biophysics & Medical Physics

Membrane Potential

The electrical potential difference across a biological cell membrane produced by asymmetric ion concentration gradients.

V_m = V_in - V_out (Resting Potential ≈ -70 mV) mV (Millivolts)
Biophysics & Medical Physics

Molecular Motors

Protein-based molecular machines that convert chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work and linear movement.

F_step ≈ 6 pN, Step Size d ≈ 8 nm (Kinesin on Microtubule) pN (Piconewtons) & nm (Step Length)