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840 terms · page 21 of 35


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All A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0–9
Files, Metadata & Workflow

Lossy Compression

Compression that permanently discards image information judged least perceptible, in exchange for much smaller files.

ratio
Composition & Visual Design

Low Angle

A viewpoint below the subject, looking upward.

degrees
Optics, Lenses & Filters

Low-dispersion Glass

Special optical glass, marketed as ED, UD, LD or SLD, that bends different wavelengths by more nearly equal amounts.

count
Lighting & Flash

Low-key Lighting

A lighting approach in which most tones sit in the lower half of the range, with a small lit area surrounded by darkness.

Focus & Depth of Field

Low-light AF Rating

The dimmest light level at which a camera's autofocus is specified to work, quoted in EV at a stated aperture and ISO.

EV
Printing, Display & Output

LPI

Lines per inch: the frequency of the halftone screen used in commercial printing.

ppi ≈ 2 × lpi lpi
Exposure & Metering

Luminance

The brightness of a surface as seen from a given direction, measured in candela per square metre.

L = I / A cd/m² (nits)
Post-Processing & Retouching

Luminance Noise Reduction

Processing that smooths brightness variation between neighbouring pixels to reduce the appearance of grain.

%
Post-Processing & Retouching

Luminosity Mask

A mask generated from the image's own brightness values, restricting an adjustment to a specific tonal range.

Printing, Display & Output

Lustre Surface

A semi-gloss paper finish with a fine texture, offering much of gloss's density with reduced reflection.

Optics, Lenses & Filters

Macro Lens

A lens corrected for close focusing that reproduces a subject at life size or larger on the sensor.

m = image size / subject size magnification ratio
Genres, Movements & Theory

Macro Photography

Photography at magnifications approaching or exceeding life size, revealing detail invisible to the unaided eye.

m ≥ 1:1 magnification ratio
Focus & Depth of Field

Magnification Ratio

The ratio between the size of a subject and the size of its image on the sensor.

m = image size / subject size ratio
Genres, Movements & Theory

Magnum Photos

A photographers' cooperative founded in 1947 to let its members retain copyright and control over their own work.

Genres, Movements & Theory

Manipulation Standards

The rules defining what processing is permissible in a given field of photography.

Lighting & Flash

Manual Flash

Setting flash output as a fixed fraction of full power, so every frame receives an identical burst.

Power = full / 2ⁿ fraction (1/1, 1/2, 1/4…)
Focus & Depth of Field

Manual Focus

Focusing by turning the lens ring by hand while judging sharpness visually or by scale.

m
Exposure & Metering

Manual Mode

A mode, marked M, in which the photographer sets aperture and shutter speed directly and the camera only advises.

Printing, Display & Output

Mat Board

A card window placed over a print inside a frame, separating it from the glazing and providing visual space.

mm
Printing, Display & Output

Matte Paper

Paper with a non-reflective surface that scatters light diffusely, giving a soft appearance free of glare.

Optics, Lenses & Filters

Mechanical Vignetting

Corner darkening or hard cut-off caused by an accessory physically intruding into the lens's field of view.

Cameras, Formats & Systems

Medium Format

Any format larger than 35 mm but smaller than 4×5 inches, covering film frames from 6×4.5 to 6×17 cm and digital sensors around 44×33 mm.

mm
Sensors & Digital Capture

Megapixel

One million pixels, the standard unit for stating a sensor's resolution.

MP = width × height / 1,000,000 MP
Files, Metadata & Workflow

Metadata

Information stored within or alongside an image file that describes the picture rather than forming part of it.